Ph.D. thesis presents an overview of the basic aspects of biohazardous waste safe removal as an important element of solving issues of waste management in general, and as a part of an integrated system of differing methods and activities, such as prevention of waste generation, reduction of waste, waste treatment and transport, planning and control of the waste management process, original software application UOPOT (Biohazardous Waste Management program Model) has been developed in the Visual Basic environment. Detected concentrations of PCBs/POPs impose the development of a new biohazardous waste management system. It is worth noting that a focused research resulting in model development of this kind was undertaken in the Balkan region for the first time as a part of this dissertation preparation.

Magister Artium - MA | Solid waste management is a phenomenon that has been researched for many years. With the development of industries and commerce, waste inputs into waste management programs are crucial, since these are the sectors responsible for the generation of waste and thus the inputs are invaluable when programs are formulated. In order to develop effective waste management strategies, it is important to identify the source of waste generation and the processes that must be followed to minimize waste. The objective of this research was to follow waste from generation to ultimate disposal and to case study why and how differences in waste disposal practices occur in the Breede River District (BRD) and the Cape Metropolitan Area (CMA). | South Africa

Danso et al., 'Estimating the demand for municipal waste compost via farmers’ willingness-to-pay in Ghana', Waste Management, p.14001409, 2006

This research explores the development and use of waste to energy (WTE) technologies in Europe and in the Province of Ontario, Canada. As the quantity of waste generated has continued to increase in industrialized countries, the need for alternative waste management methods to reduce the dependency on landfill and to recover the resource in the waste has also increased. Many European countries, including Sweden, the Netherlands and Germany, have developed WTE facilities to achieve these goals, whereas the use of WTE in Ontario has been extremely limited. However, the current shortage of residual waste management capacity in Ontario has sparked debate over the potential for the use of WTE. This thesis examines the driving forces that have promoted the use of WTE in Europe and the barriers that have prevented its use in Ontario. From this investigation the main lessons learned from Europe's use of WTE were identified as well as the areas of knowledge that are required in Ontario to foster the discussions over the potential for WTE technologies. This research analyses the European lessons learned to determine if they are applicable and relevant for satisfying the knowledge gaps in Ontario. As well recommendations are made for ensuring that the discussions over residual waste management and the potential use of WTE in Ontario move forward successfully resulting in crucial actions being taken.

Es de importancia que las organizaciones consideradas como grandes generadores de residuos, como es el caso de los Súper Almacenes Olímpica, inicien actividades que permitan fomentar la ejecución de buenas prácticas en el manejo de los residuos y separación en la fuente, dirigidas a sus empleados y clientes, para así disminuir el volumen de residuos a disposición final en los rellenos sanitarios, reducir la tarifa de aseo, obtener retorno económico por venta de material recuperado, generar oportunidades de empleo en los procesos de trasformación y reciclaje de los materiales residuales, además de fomentar la cultura del manejo de los residuos. El plan de manejo integral de residuos sólidos para los Súper Almacenes Olímpica, es una herramienta que permitirá planificar el manejo de los residuos desde el momento en que se generan hasta su disposición final, asegurando a la organización el cumplimiento de la normatividad y el compromiso institucional hacia la protección del ambiente. Por esta razón, en este documento se encontrará un análisis de la situación actual del manejo de los residuos, la identificación por tipo de residuos, reciclables, no reciclables y putrescibles y el diseño de estrategias para el plan de manejo integral de residuos sólidos según las necesidades y lograr aprovechar y optimizar al máximo lo existente de cada súper almacén. | Ingeniero Ambiental | Pregrado | It is important that organizations considered as large waste generators, as is the case of Súper Almacenes Olímpica, initiate activities to promote the implementation of good practices in waste management and separation at the source, aimed at their employees and customers, in order to reduce the volume of waste to final disposal in landfills, reduce the cleaning fee, obtain economic return from the sale of recovered material, generate employment opportunities in the processes of transformation and recycling of waste materials, in addition to promoting the culture of waste management. The solid waste management plan for Súper Almacenes Olímpica is a tool that will allow planning the management of waste from the moment it is generated until its final disposal, ensuring the organization's compliance with regulations and the institutional commitment to environmental protection. For this reason, in this document you will find an analysis of the current situation of waste management, the identification by type of waste, recyclable, non-recyclable and putrescible, and the design of strategies for the integrated solid waste management plan according to the needs and to take advantage of and optimize to the maximum what exists in each super store.

The study examines the menace of agricultural solid waste management in Ibadan metropolis of Oyo State, Nigeria. Respondents were randomly selected from 8 centres, one each from the 5 local government areas of the municipality, while a centre was chosen to cover 2 adjoining local government areas surrounding the centre of the city. One hundred and sixty respondents (160) were interviewed. The study made use of desentive statistics in analyzing the data. The study shows that adults (88%) interact with the solid waste in one, way or the other. It also shows that, females (66%) are more concerned with the problem of waste disposal and majority (63%) little or no formal education.They are mainly traders (64%) and their income (67%) is less than N3000.00 per month or less than N100 a day. This is far less than 1 dollar a day ($1 = N140). Most respondents (80%) believed that, agricultural solid wastes cause most problems to management, especially during harvest seasons. They also believe that about (18%) waste generated is mainly from maize husks and leaves, while rotten food materials and vegetables account for about 62% of the total. This shows that, agricultural wastes account for about 80 percent of wastes in Ibadan Municipality. The management outfit Ibadan waste management Authority does not recycle and only the Oyo State government operates a fertilizer plant in Bodija. The paper concludes that poverty is mainly the factor responsible for excessive interaction of the respondents with refuse dumps. The paper recommends reestablishment of recycle lands and fertilizer guifforts. It also recommendes the establishment of a virile sanitary inspectorate, private led initiative in waste management, increase funding especially in infrastructure which will lower the unit cost and attract private sector participation.Journal of Environmental Extension Vol 5 2005: 11-17

La Secretaría de Gobierno de Bogotá con el objetivo de dar cumplimiento a la normatividad nacional y distrtital referente al manejo de los residuos sólidos en especial los decretos 1713 de 2003, el Acuerdo 114 de 29 de diciembre de 2003, que establece la necesidad de las entidades publicas de impulsar el manejo adecuado de los residuos sólidos que se generen, y el Decreto 400 de 2004 que instituye la necesidad de crear un plan de acción al interior de las entidades distritales con respecto al manejo adecuado de los residuos sólidos, crea el plan de acción interno para el aprovechamiento eficiente de los residuos sólidos PAAERS, que enuncia los aspectos básicos en cuanto al manejo de estos. Con el objetivo de alimentar dicho plan se analizaron las actividades que se desarrollan al interior de la entidad y que son generadoras de residuos sólidos para establecer estrategias que contribuyan a disminuir la generación de estos, posteriormente se identifico el manejo actual que se les da a los mismos, al interior de las dependencias de la entidad, con el fin de optimizar este proceso y generar herramientas que permitan el aprovechamiento de los residuos. Se identificaron residuos de carácter peligroso y de manejo especial que se generan en actividades desarrolladas por la entidad y que deben tener un manejo diferente de los residuos ordinarios por sus características, para estos tipos de residuos se plantean alternativas de manejo, con el fin de minimizar los posibles impactos negativos que estos producen sobre el medio ambiente y sobre la salud humana. Se hizo necesaria la identificación de recicladores no organizados que desarrollaran su labor sobre las dependencias de la entidad para incluirlos en el programa de aprovechamiento de los residuos sólidos que se generan al interior de estas y generar un beneficio social hacia estas comunidades vulnerables que desarrollan un papel importante en nuestra sociedad. Se desarrollo una caracterización de los residuos sólidos generados por la entidad, sobre 11 dependencias de esta por parte de la cooperativa COOTRIUNFO contratada por la Secretaría para este propósito, que genero datos con respecto a tipos y cantidades de residuos generados. Finalmente se han desarrollado una serie de estrategias para el manejo adecuado de los residuos que permitirán contribuir al mejoramiento de la calidad ambiental de la ciudad. | Ingeniero Ambiental | Pregrado | The Secretariat of Government of Bogota, in order to comply with national and district regulations regarding the management of solid waste, especially Decree 1713 of 2003, Agreement 114 of December 29, 2003, which establishes the need for public entities to promote the proper management of solid waste generated, and Decree 400 of 2004, which establishes the need to create an action plan within district entities regarding the proper management of solid waste, Decree 400 of 2004, which establishes the need to create an action plan within the district entities with respect to the adequate management of solid waste, creates the internal action plan for the efficient use of solid waste PAAERS, which sets out the basic aspects of solid waste management. With the purpose of feeding this plan, the activities that are developed within the entity and that generate solid waste were analyzed in order to establish strategies that contribute to reduce the generation of solid waste, then the current management of solid waste within the entity was identified, in order to optimize this process and generate tools that allow the use of waste. Hazardous and special handling waste generated in activities carried out by the entity were identified, which must be handled differently from ordinary waste due to their characteristics. It was necessary to identify unorganized recyclers who work in the entity's facilities in order to include them in the program for the use of solid waste generated within these facilities and generate a social benefit for these vulnerable communities that play an important role in our society. A characterization of the solid waste generated by the entity was carried out by the cooperative COOTRIUNFO, hired by the Secretariat for this purpose, which generated data on the types and quantities of waste generated. Finally, a series of strategies have been developed for the proper management of waste that will contribute to improving the city's environmental quality.