Along with the recommendation of a healthy diet, it is suggested to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Among the latter, Brassicaceae species are preferred, because they show many phytochemicals mainly belonging to the isothiocyanates (ITCs) family compounds, with proven activities related to the prevention of chronic diseases and cancer. A survey about seasonal availability and phytochemical levels of Brassicaceae species in the total of vegetables marketed in the province of Mendoza (located in the centre west of Argentina) was done. Results throw that Brassicaceae vegetables are an important part of Mendoza vegetable market reaching up to 23% of the vegetables commercialized. Regarding ITCs content, watercress and rocket were the vegetables with the highest ITCs levels, being, therefore, the most promising vegetables studied herein by their potential functional activities. Finally, high levels of variation (up to 10 times) on ITCs content along the year in a single species were found. These facts should be considered when designing Brassicaceae species phytochemical characterization assays to achieve more reliable results. This work represents the first report of Brassicaceae availability and seasonal phytochemical variability in local conditions. Highlights High levels of variation (up to 10 times) on ITCs content along the year in a single Brassicaceae species were found. Brassicaceae vegetables are an important part of Mendoza vegetable market reaching up to 23% of the vegetables commercialized. Considering ITCs content, watercress and rocket were the vegetables with the highest ITCs levels. | Along with the recommendation of a healthy diet, it is suggested to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Among the latter, Brassicaceae species are preferred, because they show many phytochemicals mainly belonging to the isothiocyanates (ITCs) family compounds, with proven activities related to the prevention of chronic diseases and cancer. A survey about seasonal availability and phytochemical levels of Brassicaceae species in the total of vegetables marketed in the province of Mendoza (located in the centre west of Argentina) was done. Results throw that Brassicaceae vegetables are an important part of Mendoza vegetable market reaching up to 23% of the vegetables commercialized. Regarding ITCs content, watercress and rocket were the vegetables with the highest ITCs levels, being, therefore, the most promising vegetables studied herein by their potential functional activities. Finally, high levels of variation (up to 10 times) on ITCs content along the year in a single species were found. These facts should be considered when designing Brassicaceae species phytochemical characterization assays to achieve more reliable results. This work represents the first report of Brassicaceae availability and seasonal phytochemical variability in local conditions. Highlights High levels of variation (up to 10 times) on ITCs content along the year in a single Brassicaceae species were found. Brassicaceae vegetables are an important part of Mendoza vegetable market reaching up to 23% of the vegetables commercialized. Considering ITCs content, watercress and rocket were the vegetables with the highest ITCs levels.

The cosmopolitan flea beetle genera Phyllotreta and Psylliodes (Galerucinae, Alticini) are mainly associated with host plants in the family Brassicaceae and include economically important pests of crucifer crops. In this review, the host plant associations and geographical distributions of known species in these genera are summarised from the literature, and their proposed phylogenetic relationships to other Alticini analysed from published molecular phylogenetic studies of Galerucinae. Almost all Phyllotreta species are specialised on Brassicaceae and related plant families in the order Brassicales, whereas Psylliodes species are associated with host plants in approximately 24 different plant families, and 50% are specialised to feed on Brassicaceae. The current knowledge on how Phyllotreta and Psylliodes are adapted to the characteristic chemical defence in Brassicaceae is reviewed. Based on our findings we postulate that Phyllotreta and Psylliodes colonised Brassicaceae independently from each other.

The cosmopolitan flea beetle genera Phyllotreta and Psylliodes (Galerucinae, Alticini) are mainly associated with host plants in the family Brassicaceae and include economically important pests of crucifer crops. In this review, the host plant associations and geographical distributions of known species in these genera are summarised from the literature, and their proposed phylogenetic relationships to other Alticini analysed from published molecular phylogenetic studies of Galerucinae. Almost all Phyllotreta species are specialised on Brassicaceae and related plant families in the order Brassicales, whereas Psylliodes species are associated with host plants in approximately 24 different plant families, and 50% are specialised to feed on Brassicaceae. The current knowledge on how Phyllotreta and Psylliodes are adapted to the characteristic chemical defence in Brassicaceae is reviewed. Based on our findings we postulate that Phyllotreta and Psylliodes colonised Brassicaceae independently from each other.

Along with the recommendation of a healthy diet, it is suggested to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Among the latter, Brassicaceae species are preferred, because they show many phytochemicals mainly belonging to the isothiocyanates (ITCs) family compounds, with proven activities related to the prevention of chronic diseases and cancer. A survey about seasonal availability and phytochemical levels of Brassicaceae species in the total of vegetables marketed in the province of Mendoza (located in the centre west of Argentina) was done. Results throw that Brassicaceae vegetables are an important part of Mendoza vegetable market reaching up to 23% of the vegetables commercialized. Regarding ITCs content, watercress and rocket were the vegetables with the highest ITCs levels, being, therefore, the most promising vegetables studied herein by their potential functional activities. Finally, high levels of variation (up to 10 times) on ITCs content along the year in a single species were found. These facts should be considered when designing Brassicaceae species phytochemical characterization assays to achieve more reliable results. This work represents the first report of Brassicaceae availability and seasonal phytochemical variability in local conditions. Highlights High levels of variation (up to 10 times) on ITCs content along the year in a single Brassicaceae species were found. Brassicaceae vegetables are an important part of Mendoza vegetable market reaching up to 23% of the vegetables commercialized. Considering ITCs content, watercress and rocket were the vegetables with the highest ITCs levels.

Objective – to study additional representative carpological characteristics for identification of the Brassicaceae family species. Material and methods. Mature seeds of 9 rare Brassicaceae species from the collection of the seed laboratory are collected in the Natural Flora Department of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine and obtained under the scientific seed exchange program. The carpological characteristics were investigated using Stemi-2000 C light microscope and the Axio Vision program. Results. The revealed speciesspecific morphological characteristics can be used as diagnostic criteria: seed form; presence of fringe; fringe peculiarities and its transparency; radicle length and position of radicle and cotyledons, exotesta surface relief. Conclusions. The carpological characteristics can be used as reliable additional criteria for the identification of the some rare species of the Brassicaceae family. Proper identification will be helpful for the rare species protection practice. | Мета – виявити репрезентативні карпологічні ознаки, які можна використовувати як додаткові для ідентифікації представників родини Brassicaceae Burnett. Матеріал та методи. Зріле насіння 9 раритетних видів родини Brassicaceae з колекції насіннєвої лабораторії Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України зібране на ботаніко-географічних ділянках відділу природної флори та отримане за програмою наукового обміну за делектусом. Карпологічні ознаки досліджували з використанням світлового мікроскопа Stemi-2000 С і програми АхіоVision. Результати. Визначено видоспецифічні морфологічні особливості, які можна використовувати як діагностичні критерії: форма насіння, наявність облямівки, її особливості та прозорість, характер розміщення зародкового корінця і його довжина щодо сім’ядолей, рельєф поверхні екзотести. Висновок. Виявлено карпологічні ознаки, які можуть бути використані як надійні додаткові критерії для ідентифікації деяких раритетних представників родини Brassicaceae, що сприятиме організації їх охорони.

Microgreen is a class of emerging fresh produce that are generally rich in vitamins, carotenoids, and other phytochemicals. However, their genetic diversity in phytonutrients has yet to be discovered. In this study, 30 varieties of microgreens in the Brassicaceae family were assayed for phytochemical concentrations and antioxidant capacity. Distinct genotypic variations were observed for ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, phylloquinone, β-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, total glucosinolates, total phenolics as well as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Results indicated that the Brassicaceae microgreens are good sources of antioxidant phytochemicals, although there are substantial variations within and between species. The nutrient data of Brassicaceae microgreens presented in this study provide valuable information to dieticians, nutrition policy makers, and health-conscious consumers, and growers in the selection of nutrient-dense vegetables.

Lupin is prone to infection by Pleiochaeta setosa (Kirchn.) Hughes causing brown spot and root rot in Lupinus species. The control of these diseases is crucial to limit yield losses, but an increased public awareness and European legislative restrictions have resulted in a drastic reduction of allowed pesticides and many research groups invest in alternative biocontrol strategies. In the current study, the inhibitory effect of volatiles, released by two members of the Brassicaceae family (white mustard (Sinapis alba) and fodder radish (Raphanus sativus)), on brown spot and root rot in Lupinus species was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro trial showed that root tissue from Brassicaceae was more effective in reducing the vegetative growth of Pleiochaeta setosa than leaf and stem tissues. Furthermore, R. sativus was more effective than S. alba. The GC-MS analysis revealed that dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide were predominantly emitted by the tissues of both Brassicaceae. Additionally, the ground root tissue from R. sativus emitted 4-isothiocyanato-1-(methylthio)-1-butene, whereas the stem + leaf tissue emitted benzyl isothiocyanate. Benzyl isothiocyanate was also released by the ground S. alba root tissue, whereas the leaf + stem tissue emitted 3-butenyl isothiocyanate. In vitro trials with pure dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide confirmed the antifungal effect of the volatiles released by these sulfides. For dimethyl disulfide 7.95 mg per Petri dish was necessary to (almost) completely inhibit mycelium growth, whereas for dimethyl trisulfide 1.20 mg per Petri dish was sufficient to prevent fungal growth. In addition, a trial with allyl isothiocyanate showed that for this compound even lower doses (0.50 mg per Petri dish) stopped the growth of the fungus. The results obtained with the pot trial illustrated that the amendment of Brassicaceae species significantly reduced the P. setosa infection level. Also in the field, incorporation of Brassicaceae species suppressed P. setosa. From this study, it can be concluded that Brassicaceae species are a powerful tool to manage P. setosa in lupin cultivation. However, it should be combined with other control practices since the amendment of these biofumigant crops could not completely inhibit symptom development.

El consumo de frutas y hortalizas es recomendado para mantener una dieta saludable. Dentro de las hortalizas, las especies de la familia Brassicaceae se destacan por poseer grandes contenidos de diversos fitoquímicos que han demostrado su acción en la prevención de enfermedades crónicas y cáncer. En el presente trabajo, se realizó un relevamiento sobre disponibilidad estacional y niveles de fitoquímicos de especies de Brassicaceae considerando el total de hortalizas comercializadas en la provincia de Mendoza (ubicada en centro oeste de Argentina). Los resultados demostraron que los vegetales de la familia Brassicaceae contribuyen de modo importante en el mercado representando hasta un 23% de las hortalizas comercializadas. Respecto del contenido de ITCs (isotiocianatos), los mayores niveles fueron encontrados en berro y rúcula y como consecuencia de ello representan los vegetales más prometedores por sus potenciales propiedades funcionales. Además, se pudo observar que la variabilidad en los niveles de ITCs a lo largo del año en una misma especie, puede ser muy amplia (hasta 10 veces). Por esta razón es que podemos recomendar tener en cuanta la fluctuación estacional al evaluar niveles de fitoquímicos en especies de esta familia. Cabe destacar, que este trabajo representa el primer reporte de la disponibilidad de hortalizas de la familia Brassicaceae y la variabilidad fitoquímica estacional en las condiciones locales. | Along with the recommendation of a healthy diet, it is suggested to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Among the latter, Brassicaceae species are preferred, because they show many phytochemicals mainly belonging to the isothiocyanates (ITCs) family compounds, with proven activities related to the prevention of chronic diseases and cancer. A survey about seasonal availability and phytochemical levels of Brassicaceae species in the total of vegetables marketed in the province of Mendoza (located in the centre west of Argentina) was done. Results throw that Brassicaceae vegetables are an important part of Mendoza vegetable market reaching up to 23% of the vegetables commercialized. Regarding ITCs content, watercress and rocket were the vegetables with the highest ITCs levels, being, therefore, the most promising vegetables studied herein by their potential functional activities. Finally, high levels of variation (up to 10 times) on ITCs content along the year in a single species were found. These facts should be considered when designing Brassicaceae species phytochemical characterization assays to achieve more reliable results. This work represents the first report of Brassicaceae availability and seasonal phytochemical variability in local conditions. | Fil: Fusari Gómez, Cecilia Mara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina | Fil: Beretta, Hebe Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina | Fil: Locatelli, Daniela Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina | Fil: Nazareno, Mónica Azucena. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias. Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnologías Alimentarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina | Fil: Camargo, Alejandra Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial competitive ability of canola hybrids against Brassicaceae and Poaceae species in terms of root and shoot resources. Two experiments were conducted in greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of interference conditions by root + shoot interference (root+shoot) and shoot interference (Light); and Brassicaceae and Poaceae weeds competing with hybrid of canola (Hyola 61 and Diamond) with different traits for competitiveness. The plant height, root length, dry matter of shoot and root, number of leaves and leaf area were evaluated. Data were compared using orthogonal contrasts. The turnip and volunteer canola reduced root development of the Hyola 61 in root + shoot interference, and among the Brassicaceas weeds, turnip caused greater losses. Brassicaceas weeds caused largest reductions in Diamond’s hybrid growth compared to Poaceae, mainly under light interference. Brassicaceas and Poaceae weeds cause similar damage to Hyola 61 hybrid, and the injury is higher for root +shoot interference. The black oat induce shoot growth in the Diamond hybrid under shoot interference, while among the Brassicaceae weed species, there were no differences. | RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a habilidade competitiva inicial de híbridos de canola quanto à interferência de plantas daninhas Brassicaceae e Poaceae por recursos do solo e da parte aérea. Foram realizados dois experimentos em casa de vegetação, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram de condições de interferência por recursos do solo+parte aérea (raiz+parte aéra) e por parte aérea somente (Luz); e plantas daninhas das famílias Brassicaceae e Poaceae competindo com híbridos de canola (Hyola 61 e Diamond) com diferentes características para competitividade. Foram avaliados estatura das plantas, comprimento de raiz, matéria seca da parte aérea e raiz, número de folhas e área foliar. Os dados foram comparados por meio de contrastes ortogonais. Nabo e canola voluntária reduziram o desenvolvimento da raiz do Hyola 61 apenas na competição por recursos do solo+parte aérea; entre os competidores da família das Brassicaceae, o nabo causou maiores prejuízos. As plantas daninhas Brassicaceae causaram maiores reduções no crescimento do Diamond em relação às Poaceae, principalmente sob a interferência por luz. As plantas daninhas Brassicaceas e Poaceae causam danos similares ao híbrido Hyola 61, e as injúrias são maiores na competição por recursos do solo+parte aérea. A aveia preta induz crescimento da parte aérea do híbrido Diamond sob interferência da luz, enquanto que entre as espécies Brassicaceas não há distinção dos efeitos.

It has been established that prolonged irrigation by livestock wastewater with norms equivalent to 200– 400 kg/ha of nitrogen does not significantly affect the phytotoxicity of sod-podzolic sandy loam soils for the representatives of the families Pоaceae, Fabaceae and Brassicaceae, however, it increases the content of acid-soluble copper in the soil by 0.13, 0.74 and 0.75 mg/kg, respectively, compared to the reference soil. According to the resistance to prolonged irrigation with manure-containing wastewater, the representatives of the families Pоaceeae, Fabaceae and Brassicaceae are arranged in such a decreasing order: radish olive> peas > winter rye > oats> spring rape > spring barley. | Установлено, что длительное орошение животноводческими сточными водами в объеме, эквивалентном 200, 300 и 400 кг/га азота, не оказывает значительного влияния на увеличение фитотоксичности дерново-подзолистой супесчаной почвы для представителей семейств Роасеае, Fabaceae и Brassicaceae. Однако оно способствует увеличению содержания в почве кислоторастворимой меди на 0,13, 0,74 и 0,75 мг/кг соответственно по сравнению с референтной почвой. По устойчивости к длительному орошению навозосодержащими сточными водами представители семейств Роасеае, Fabaceae и Brassicaceae располагаются в такой убывающий ряд: редька масличная > горох посевной > рожь озимая > овес > рапс яровой > ячмень яровой.