Papers 2-7 are not available in Munin, due to publishers' restrictions: <br/>2. Donnelly, K.A-M., Karlsen, K.M. and Olsen, P. (2009) <a href=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.04.006>'The importance of transformations for traceability',</a> Meat Science, 83 pp 68-73.<br/>3. Karlsen, K.M:, Olsen, P. and Donnelly K. A-M., (2009) <a href=http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070701011018860>'Implementing traceability: Practical challenges at a mineral water bottling plant'</a>, British Food Journal 112 (2) pp 187-197.<br/>4. Donnelly, K.A-M. and Karlsen, K.M. (2010) <a href=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10498850903430813>'Lessons from two case studies in implementing traceability in the dried salted fish industry'</a>. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 19 (10) pp 38-47.<br/>5. Donnelly, K.A‐M., Karlsen, K.M., Olsen, P. and van der Roest, J. (2008) 'Creating standardised data lists for traceability: a study of honey processing', Int. J. Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 3 (4) pp 283–291.<br/>6. Donnelly, K.A‐M., Roest, J. V. D., Hoskuldsson, S. T., Olsen P. and Karlsen K.M., (2009)<a href=http://www.springerlink.com/content/l14141/#section=386289> 'Improving information exchange in the chicken processing sector using standardised data lists'</a>. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 46, pp 312‐321.<br/>7. Thakur, M, and Donnelly, K.A‐M, (2010) <a href=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.02.004>'Modelling traceability information in soyabean value chains'</a>, Journal of Food Engineering, 99(1) pp 98-65. | The globalisation and intensification of food production has led to food related health incidents. These incidents range from BSE in cattle to illegally high levels of dioxins in chicken feed (Carriquiry and Babcock, 2007, Caswell, 2000, Elbers et al., 2001, Fallon, 2001, Hobbs, 2004, Madec et al., 2001, Ozawa et al., 2001, Sporleder and Goldsmith, 2001). The modern consumer is increasingly concerned with quality, sustainability and the possible health benefits related to the food that they eat (Chryssochoidis et al., 2008, Gellynck and Verbeke, 2001, Kehagia et al., 2007, van Rijswijk and Frewer, 2008). There is an increasing need for information when consumers are no longer familiar with the production attributes of their food (Carriquiry and Babcock, 2007, Kiesel et al., 2005, Pettitt, 2001). In this research features such as systematic information loss and lack of unique identification were identified as inhibitors of traceability. Standardisation of data elements for electronic information exchange and the identification of critical traceability points were identified as important activators.

International audience | An alternative process is suggested, by means of surface area enlargement, in order to study the direct assimilation of natural phosphates (NP) and to avoid the liquid-solid states in the treatment. New pulverisation technologies have been used to grind natural phosphates: Ball crushers. The consequences of this grinding are shown in two characteristics: a physical one and chemical one-reactivity have been modified. The aim of this investigation is the development of three granulometric slices that is <160 μm, <80 μm and the fine slice <40μm. Different techniques are used to characterize the properties of the products after grinding. So we measured the distributions of the particles size by LASER and studied their morphologies with the scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The characteristic temperatures of the products have been determined by (DTA/TGA). Finally, the final properties, like the properties of surface, have been characterized by BET. The crystalline nature of the powders has been determined by X-ray powder diffraction. The studied material is a sedimentary rock phosphate with three size fraction <160 μm, <80 μm and <40 μm. The specific surface fractions <160 μm, <80 μm and <40 μm are respectively 17.45 m²/g, 18.50 m²/g and 9 m²/g. The chemical analysis of the product suggests that the composition of apatite lends itself to the substitution groups PO43- by (CO3F)3-.

Ultra-deep water (up to 3000 in) is one of the next frontiers for oil offshore exploitation. It requires the use of conduits having to resist in the long run (durability about 25 years) the mechanical and environmental requests. One of the key points is the thermal insulation of the structure to avoid the formation of hydrates and paraffin plugs inside of the steel pipe. Over the past 10 years, many studies were performed to better understand the behaviour of the syntactic foams used as thermal insulation of pipes for deepwater production, but few tests were run on industrial prototypes to reach the actual thermal properties of the systems. This paper presents the numerical and experimental characterizations of an industrial multilayered insulated pipeline tested in service conditions. Two thermomechanical finite element modellings of the coated pipeline have been developed to predict its behaviour during service condition tests. The first model considers pure conduction through the inner air inside of the structure and the second model considers convection phenomenon between the inner air and the metallic surfaces inside of the structure. In parallel, industrial pipe tests on an immersed instrumented pipeline, internally heated to temperatures up to 95 degrees C and subjected externally to hydrostatic pressure up to 300 bar are presented. Experimental data obtained during industrial pipe tests and related model predictions are compared and discussed. Thermal properties of the syntactic foam are determined with steady and transient states analysis. In complement, a study of the model results sensitivity to the input Poisson coefficient is presented. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Reduction of nonpoint source pollutants, principally sediment and nutrients moving from cultivated fields to surface waters, is a major challenge. Remnants of once-extensive natural wetlands occur across the agricultural landscape, and it has been suggested that these areas might be managed to yield improved wetland function in terms of trapping and retention of nonpoint source pollutants. An existing wetland in a severed meander bend cut off in the 1940s from the Coldwater River in Tunica County, MS, USA was modified by the construction of weirs equipped with water control structures. The wetland was a segment of old river channel about 500 m long and 20 m wide. Inputs to the wetland cell included sporadic flows due to runoff events from about 350 ha of cultivated fields and less frequent but larger flood events from the river. This type of flood event occurred only once during the study. Concentrations of sediment and nutrients in water were generally lower at the downstream end of the wetland cell than in the major inflow, an ephemeral slough. Mean values of turbidity, suspended sediment concentration, and concentrations of filterable and total phosphorus were 25% to 40% lower at the wetland cell discharge weir than in the slough. Mean concentrations of ammonia were 38% lower, but mean nitrate and nitrite concentrations were essentially unchanged by the wetland cell. Comparison of estimated input and output loads during periods when the wetland cell was not flooded by the river indicated that the wetland cell retained about 18% of input suspended sediment, 24% of phosphorus, and 29% of nitrogen input from cultivated fields. Wetland cell sediment and nutrient retention efficiency was greater for drier months, and declined during wetter periods with frequent runoff events.