The main idea of this paper is to review and present the scientific papers in which inverse approach was used. For this purpose, the number of publications, references, etc., in ten relevant journals (Journal of Food Engineering, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering, International Journal of Food Properties, Computers & Mathematics with Applications, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Drying Technology: An International Journal, International Journal of Food Science & Technology, Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics, LWT - Food Science and Technology) were studied. In order to obtain clear picture of what is realistic to expect from the scientific investigation in this field in the near future and where future research should be focused, some statistical analysis were made. From the performed statistical analysis it was concluded that more investigations are needed for determination of the thermopysical and engineering characteristics of food materials.

A bibliometric analysis based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) from the Web of Science was carried out to provide insights into research activities and tendencies of the global risk of engineering nanomaterials (ENMs) from 1999 to 2012. The number of publications per year has increased steadily since approximately 2006. The USA produced 41.9% of all pertinent articles followed by China with 14.8% and UK with 9.1%. Environmental Science & Technology, Toxicology, and Journal of Nanoparticle Research were the three most common journals in this field. A synthesized analysis by co-citation and words from author keywords provided the clues to discover the current research emphases. The mainstream research related to risk of ENMs was toxicological effects and ecological risk. Toxicity effect strongly promoted the development of related research in the past 14years. Research on environmental behavior and ecological risk of ENMs is the fast growing field.

We evaluated soil contamination research based on a bibliometric analysis of 14,090 articles published in journals in the Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index bibliographic databases from 1999 to 2012, which revealed scientific outputs, subject categories and major journals, international collaboration and geographic distribution of authors and countries, keywords, and hot issues. The results suggested that research on soil contamination developed well with increasing scientific production and research collaboration. Environmental science, engineering environment, soil science, and applied microbiology were the most frequently used subject categories in soil contamination studies. Chemosphere was the most active journal in this field. The clusters of authors were more in the USA, Western European countries, China, Japan, and India. Q. X. Zhou of Nankai University was the most productive author, and S. P. Mcgrath of Rothamsted Research England published the most influential articles. The USA exceeded all other countries with the most independent and collaborative papers in research on global soil contamination. Heavy metal pollution was the hottest issue, and bioremediation is the most promising research topic in combating against heavy metal pollution of soils. The status of publication on soil contamination research described here is significant for researchers on soil contamination in their future work.

Hydrology is the basic science for water engineering, including a wide list of research topics ranging from atmospheric water and surface hydrology to groundwater hydraulics. To initiate the new publication period of the journal Ingeniería del Agua, we present here a brief review paper where the current state of research in many hydrologic fields is discussed. The aim of the paper is not to present a complete picture of current state-of-the-art research topics, but rather to provide a broad overview and stimulate new and innovative publication of Hydrology papers in the journal Ingeniería del Agua. | La Hidrología es una ciencia esencial en Ingeniería del Agua, la cual abarca un amplio abanico de temas de investigación que engloban los diversos estadios del agua en el ciclo Hidrológico, tanto en atmósfera, superficie y suelo. Con motivo del relanzamiento de la revista Ingeniería del Agua se presenta un breve artículo de carácter introductorio en el que se muestran algunas de la líneas de investigación actuales en Hidrología, dedicadas a lluvia, interceptación de agua por la vegetación, sensores en Hidrología, agua subterránea, entre otras. Dicha revisión no pretende ser exhaustiva, dado el tamaño limitado de este formato de publicación, sino motivar la publicación en Ingeniería del Agua de artículos dentro de la temática Hidrología.

This Special Volume of the Journal of Cleaner Production focuses on “water Efficient Processes”. It highlights the issues of a global challenge to use water resources more efficiently and more effectively in various fields of human activity. For the process industry the new paradigm of profitable cleaner production means the adoption of complex strategies that are build upon the most advanced developments in several areas of science and technology: chemistry, physics, engineering, ecology and economics, which can and do provide essential contributions to better and cleaner production processes. Because of the sheer size of the problems involved, some issues of special relevance call for intensified efforts. The most significant topics are dealt with eleven contributors from ten countries in Europe, Asia and South America. In the first part of this paper, selected themes concerning the most pressing environmental challenges are reviewed, with particular attention to environmental remediation, pollution control and water decontamination. The second part, where the selected papers are presented and discussed, within the spirit of the making improvements in water resource management. Several novel technical solutions in terms of materials, processes and software are proposed and designed to achieve pollution prevention orientated methodologies with beneficial real-world applications.

Twenty-eight sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes of the different ecological and geographic origins: Kazakhstan, Russia, India, Uzbekistan, and China were tested in the high latitude rainfed conditions of northern Kazakhstan. The genotypes demonstrated high biomass production (up to 100 t·ha-1 and more). The genotypes ripening to full reproductive seeds were selected for seed production and introduction in the northern Kazakhstan. Lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum S-1, Streptococcus thermophilus F-1 and Lactococcus lactis F-4 essentially enhance the fermentation process, suppressing undesirable microbiological processes, reducing the loss of nutrient compounds, accelerating in 2 times maturation ensilage process and providing higher quality of the feed product. | 25-30

The research was conducted to determine yield and yield components of some common vetch genotypes in order to examine some of the traits, during 2011-2013 seasons in GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center was carried out on the experimental field. In the study, a total of 20 different genotypes were used common vetch, field trials randomized block design with 3 replications was established. In the study, herbage yield, hay yield and seed yield in addition to days to %50 flowering duration, plant height, main stem length, main stem number, pod number per plant, grain number per pod as affecting yield some properties were also investigated. In both years of the study, days to %50 flowering duration and grain number per pod characteristics examined, except among genotypes for all other parameters are determined significant differences in statistical terms. According to the average of two years result; days to %50 flowering duration, plant height, main stem length, main stem number, pod number per plant, grain number per pod, herbage yield, hay yield, seed yield, 1000 seed weight were changed between 157.8-174.0 days, 33.9-62.6 cm, 52.0-83.3 cm, 1.6-2.6 number, 13.5-21.2 number, 4.7-5.6 number, 1522.0-3232.3 kg da-1, 308.0-919.5 kg da-1, 92.2-293.7 kg da-1, 46.5-84.5 g, respectively. According to these results, under the climate and soil conditions of Diyarbakır; for the grass production common vetch genotypes "D-135" was suggested and for the seed production common vetch genotypes "IFVS-715" and "GAP-59998" were suggested.

This study has been carried out in order to determine the changes which the first carbonification sludge will be able to bringout in the chemical structure of the soil and how much will be used in acidic soils in tea plantations in stead of lime. There search have been carried out in three locations with different pH in Rize Centre and İyidere towns in 2009-2011 years. The plantations have been set up in randomized blocks with three repetitions. In trials, lime and first carbonification sludge has increased tea leaf yield in P<0.05 and P<0.01 importance levels and the highest yield has been obtained from first carbonate sludge application (D subject) as much as the lime requirement. The first carbonification sludge application has increased the fresh tea leaf yield at the rate of 22.9 percentage in Çaykur Research Institute, at the rate of 13.4 percentage in İyidere-1 locationand at the rate of 18.6 in İyidere-2 location. In Çaykur Institute location, positive relationship has been determined between the soil pH and Ca (r=0.53*) and negative relationship has been determined between the soil pH and zinc (r=-0.55*). In İyidere-1 location, positive relationship has been determined between the soil pH and changeable Ca (r=0.74**) and negative relationship has been determined between the soil pH and aluminum (r=-0.62*). In İyidere-2 location, a considerable negative relationship has been determined between the soil pH and iron (r=-0.65**) and zinc (r= -0.55**).