The radiological hazard assessment due to the Natural Background Radiation in the Yewa South Local Government area has been carried out. Twenty (25) soil samples were collected from selected towns in Yewa South which include Idogo, Ilaro, Itolu, Iweke and Owode. The collected samples were air-dried, pulverized and homogenized before being analysed by gamma ray spectrometry. The mean activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil samples were 12.9 ± 3.38, 6.40 ± 0.37 and 91.45 ± 4.63 Bq/kg respectively for Idogo; 5.72 ± 0.33 and 70.71 ± 3.60 to 148.40 ± 7.82 Bq/kg respectively for Ilaro; 24.66 ± 2.75, 5.35 ± 1.32 and 80.97 ± 4.12 Bq/kg for Itolu; 7.91 ± 1.02, 4.42 ± 0.28 and 105.25 ± 5.36 Bqkg-1 for Iweke and 26.20 ± 3.25, 4.84 ± 0.29 and 61.68 ± 3.26 Bqkg-1 for Owode. The mean activity concentration values of 226Ra and 232Th and 40K obtained from all study sites were lower than their respective world average values of 35 and 30 Bqkg-1 and 400Bqkg-1 [12]. The average absorbed dose rates at 1m above the ground delivered to the general public of the study areas were all lower than the world average value of 58 nGyh-1. The average values of Radium Equivalent (Raeq) for all the study areas were found to be below the world average of 370Bqkg-1 and the computed mean Annual effective dose (AED) from all study sites was also found to be below the safety limit of unity. Thus, based on the results obtained from this study, no hazardous radiological effects are posed to the populace in the vicinity of the investigated locations.Keywords: Activity concentration, Gamma Ray Spectrometry, Radionuclide.

The theoretical description of the electrochemical determination of sudan dyes, assisted by novel triazolic derivatives, using a disulfonic organic acid as a binder, has been made. The correspondent mathematical model was analyzed by means of linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis. It was shown that the electroanalytical process is realized more efficiently than in the case of the direct electrochemical reduction in acid media. The oscillatory behavior for this case is possible, but less probable than for direct dye electrochemical reduction.

In this research, the compound was studied theoretically using computational methods to give further analysis on the inhibition of oleuropein on mild steel and Aluminium. Parameters were studied using quantum chemical method through DFT and molecular dynamic simulations. Mild steel Fe (111) and Al (110) surfaces was used due to their respective close packed and densely atom. Fukui function, the local and global reactivity were calculated to give the reactivity of the molecule. Based on the values of calculated adsorption and binding energies (-70.287, 70.287 Kcal/mol) and (-113.193, 113.193 Kcal/mol) obtained on both surfaces, the mechanism of oleuropein is inferred to exhibit physiosorption on Aluminium surface and Chemisorption on mild steel surface.

This study was aimed at assessing both the effect (risk) and impact of a recent oil spill on heavy metal concentration in the Santa Babara River in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Samples were collected and preserved based on standard methods. The heavy metals of interest were Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and Copper (Cu) due to their levels of toxicities and presence in water bodies while the five study stations were Worokuma (W), Uwanga (W), Tuweni (T), Shellikiri (S), Inarakiri (I) and  Esenfakiri (E). The solar thermos elemental flame atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS), model SE-71096 made in Germany with detection limit of 0.001 mg·kg−1 was used for the heavy metal analysis. The trend of heavy metal abundance was found in this order Cr>Cu>Cd>Pb>Hg=As. The hazard index (HI) indicated that in all the stations, calculated values of greater than one occurred. All the detectable metals had risk index of greater than 5 but the highest was found in the order, Cd> Pb > Cu > Cr (149, 35, 26 and 12 respectively) which meant extremely high level of pollution. This also indicated the probability of non-carcinogenic effects occurring and increases as HI increases signifying carcinogenic risk via direct ingestion of water. The Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for Cadmium (Cd), Pb and Cr recorded calculated values above the maximum limits of 1.0 x 10-4 in all the stations especially for adults in station U (0.018) and children in station S(0.567) for cadmium. Regular monitoring of the Santa Barbara River is of essence as most of the inhabitants use it as the only source of potable water as their wells have very high iron content.

Anti corrosion effect of aminobenzene on the degradation of aluminium in sulphuric acid solution was investigated through the method of weight loss. Functional group characterization analysis was done by using FTIR and surface characterization was done by using scanning electron microscopic analysis. The aminobenzene shows good inhibition effect from the result obtained for the corrosion of aluminium in sulphuric acid at different temperatures. The effect of aminobenzene and remaining parameters were studied at various aminobenzene concentration and expected mechanism of the studied aminobenzene consisted with Langmuir isotherm model. From the result it was found that increase in the concentration of aminobenzene lead to increase in inhibition efficiency which degreases with temperature rises. The activation energy value in the absence of aminobenzene was 36.39. kJ/mol which increased to 54.98 kJ/mol by the addition of 0.1 M aminobenzene concentration. The activation enthalpy values were all positive and that make the reaction endothermic. Activation entropy and Gibbs free energy of adsorption values were negative which suggest a disordered system and spontaneous adsorption of the process. FTIR and SEM analysis result revealed the formation of thin layer of aminobenzene molecules on the surface of aluminum

Activated carbon obtained from Detarium microcarpum seed shell (SDAC) was used to eliminate congo red (CR) from an aqueous solution using batch adsorption method. Various characterization techniques, including SEM, FT-IR and pH at point of zero charge (pHpzc) were employed to characterize the adsorbent surface. The study investigated several adsorption parameters, namely contact time (5 - 150 minutes), temperature (303 - 323 K), and initial concentration (20 - 500 mg/L). The adsorption data were analyzed using kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic equations. The kinetics of the process conformed well to the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that both external and internal diffusion influenced the adsorption of the dye onto the adsorbent. The isotherm data aligned with the Freundlich model, suggesting that CR formed multiple layers on the heterogeneous surface of the adsorbent. The values of thermodynamic calculations ∆S = -0.139 kJ/mol, ∆H = - 48.77 kJ/K demonstrates the feasibility and exothermic nature of the dye adsorption process and the values of ∆G = -6.52, -5.82, -5.12, -4.42 and -3.73 kJ/mol  obtained at various temperature confirmed the spontaneity of the entire adsorption process.

AbstractIn this study, the degradation of Congo red (CR) dye was investigated using Ni-Al/AC layered double hydroxide photocatalyst under UV light irradiation. The Ni-Al/AC LDH photocatalyst was synthesized using the co-precipitation method and characterized using various analytical techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDXRF, and Band gap energy. The results showed that the photocatalyst had a highly ordered layered structure with good crystallinity and a band gap energy of 4.39nm. Kinetic studies of CR were conducted using Pseudo-first-order and Pseudo-second-order models, with the Pseudo-second-order model providing the best fit.The photocatalytic activity of the Ni-Al/AC LDH was evaluated by studying the degradation of CR dye under UV light irradiation. The results showed that the Ni-Al/AC LDH photocatalyst exhibited high photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of CR dye under UV light irradiation. After 30 minutes of irradiation at a catalyst loading of 0.1 g/L and an initial dye concentration of 10 mg/L, the degradation efficiency of CR reached 91.3%. The results indicate that the Ni-Al/AC LDH photocatalyst could be a promising material for efficient degradation of CR dye in wastewater treatment applications.

Number of electrodes, processing time and power supply were used as process parameters. The study conducted by preparing three electro-coagulation cells each having a volume of 1,800.0 mL, 6, 12, 18 aluminum electrodes (anode and cathode) with a respective dimensions of 8.0 cm, 9.0 cm and 2.0 mm of width, height and thickness, power supply of 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 V and 20.0, 40.0, 60.0 minutes of processing time. The distance between each plate of the anode and cathode electrodes were uniform for the three electro-coagulation cells. Between 20 and 60 minutes of processing time and increased supply of power from 5 to 12.5 V found to have a removal of 78.9% to 99.5% of white paint pigment Titanium Dioxide (TiO2); the anode and the power consumptions increased from 1.54 g/m to 4.32 g/m3 and 3.07 to 21.61 Wh/m3 respectively. The result obtained from response surface model was observed that the processing time, the power supply and their combined effect were significant on the removal percentage of white paint pigment TiO2; on the other hand the number of electrodes did not have significant effect. Based on the combined effect of treatment time and power consumptions, 99.44% of white paint pigment TiO2 removal was recorded at a lower power and anode consumption of 3.25 Wh/m3 and 1.63 g/m3 respectively, and with optimized parameters of 12 aluminum electrodes, power supply of 5 V and 60 minutes of processing time. Beside the successful removal efficiency of the white color pigment TiO2, COD, BOD5 and TSS were 98.01%, 96.97% and 95.68 % respectively; hence these values were below the permissible limit of Federal Environmental Protection Authority (FEPA).

The possibility of the electrochemical execution of hydrogen peroxide sensing on CoSn(OH)6 has been evaluated from the mechanistic theoretical point of view. The correspondent model has been developed and analyzed by means of linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis. It was shown that this material may be an excellent electrode modifier for H2O2 electrochemical detection, and the electrochemical analysis is realized in a plausible way. The electroanalytical process is diffusion-controlled. The oscillatory and the monotonic instabilities in this system are possible, being caused not only by electrochemical factors, but also by those of autocatalytic behavior during H2O2 reduction

The possibility of use of cobalt(III) oxyhydroxide as an electrode modifier in electrochemical analysis of paraquat pesticide has been evaluated from the theoretical point of view. The electrochemical function mechanism has been suggested, and the correspondent mathematical model has been analyzed by means of linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis. It was shown that the cobalt(III)oxyhydroxide may be efficient cathode modifier for paraquat electrochemical reduction in neutral media. The steady-state stability is maintained in vast parameter region. The possibility for oscillatory and monotonic instabilities has also been verified.