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Effect of topdressing with nitrogen on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain
2004
L. Ducsay | O. Ložek
Small-plot field experiments were established in the first decade of October at the Plant Breeding Station of Sládkovičovo-Nový dvor with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), variety Astella. There was investigated an effect of topdressing with nitrogen on the yield of winter wheat grain and its quality characteristics in the experiment. Nitrogenous fertilizers were applied at the growth phase of the 6th leaf (Zadoks = 29). Soil of the experimental stand was analysed for inorganic nitrogen content (Nan) down to the depth of 0.6 m of soil profile. Productive nitrogen fertilizing rate was computed to ensure Nan content in soil on the level of 120 and140 kg N/ha, respectively. Three various forms of fertilizers were examined, urea solution, ammonium nitrate with dolomite, and DAM-390. Different weather conditions statistically highly, significantly influenced grain yield in respective experimental years. Topdressing with nitrogen caused a statistically highly significant increase of grain yield in all fertilized variants ranging from +0.35 to +0.82 t/ha according to respective treatments. Average grain yield in unfertilised control variant represented 7.23 t/ha. Nitrogen nutrition showed a positive effect on the main macroelements offtake (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) by winter wheat grain in all fertilized variants. Nitrogen fertilizing to the level of 140 kg/ha N in soil positively influenced formation of wet gluten and crude protein with highest increment in variant 5 (solution of urea) representing +12.8 and +10.7%, respectively in comparison to control unfertilised variant as well as to variant 2 (solution of urea and fertilizing on the level of120 kg N/ha) where increments represented +8.8 and 9.7%, respectively. Thousand-kernel weight, volume weight and portion of the first class grain were not markedly influenced by nitrogen fertilizing.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effects of wheat aphid on spectrum reflectance of the wheat canopy
2004
Qiao Hongbo | Cheng Dengfa | Sun Jingrui (Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing (China), Institute of Plant Protection)
On cltivation techniques of "GS2003018 wheat"
2004
Guo Zhiai(Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu Shanxi (China), College of Agriculture)
Effect of soilborne wheat mosaic virus on winter wheat yield and yield components
2004
Altay, F. | Bolat, N.
Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) is an important disease of wheat production areas throughout the world, causing a great reduction in wheat and barley yields. The most effective way of controlling the disease is the use of resistant varieties in infested areas. In this study, the effects of SBWMV on yields and some yield components of eight susceptible, one moderately susceptible/resistant and nine resistant varieties were evaluated using data from 9 virus-infested and 6 non-infested sites in Eskisehir, Turkey over 6 years. The susceptible varieties yielded 5.35% more than resistant varieties in non-infested sites, while they gave 28.98% lower yield in infested sites. Significant yield loss differences were observed between the varieties in infested sites. Decreases were also observed in yield components at various levels. This study showed that SBWMV is an important disease, which survives in soil for long periods and causes significant yield decreases in wheat. Recently developed varieties have good resistance to the disease and are recommended to farmers in infested areas. Abbreviations: SBWMV, soil-borne wheat mosaic virus
Show more [+] Less [-]Effects of wheat rotation and monocropping system on weed populations in wheat fields
2004
Xu Yanli | Li Zhaolin | Li Chunjie(Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin (China),Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology)
Effect of wheat pearling on flour quality
2004
Mousia, Z. | Edherly, S. | Pandiella, S.S. | Webb, C.
Debranning or cereal kernel pearling is increasingly recognised by the milling and baking industry as an important stage in cereal processing because it lowers the capital investment costs, giving as well, the benefit of better quality products. Pearling is the process, prior to milling that with the application of abrasion and friction removes effectively only the bran layers from the cereal grains, allowing nutritious parts, such as the aleurone layer to remain in the intact kernels. This pre-treatment potentially could also improve milling yields of superior flour quality. However, so far, there is no satisfactory explanation as to why pearled flour performs better than the unpearled. The effect of the wheat pearling prior to milling was investigated and the results showed that pearling affects flour quality characteristics. Using a laboratory scale Bhler mill, two samples of hard wheat were used, one with (pearled) and the other without the debranning pre-treatment (unpearled) to test whether pearling affects flour milling and hence flour quality. It was found that the flour obtained from pearled wheat had differences from the unpearled wheat flour in the composition, structural properties; particle size distribution and starch damage and starch gelatinisation temperature.
Show more [+] Less [-]Pathogenic behaviour of leaf blight organisms on wheat
2004
and D.V. SINGH, S.K. SINGH, K.D. SRIVASTAVA
Impact of tillage on root systems of winter wheat
2004
Qin, R. | Stamp, P. | Richner, W.
There is relatively little information about root growth response under different tillage systems in cool temperate regions. In a 5-yr field trial at two sites loamy silt (1995-1999) and sandy loam soils (1996-2000) in the Swiss midlands, the effect of tillage intensity no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) on the morphology and distribution of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots at harvest was studied for 3 yr (1997-1999). The root length density (RLD), mean root diameter (MD), and relative length per diameter-class distribution of the roots were determined using washed roots from soil cores taken from the row and the midrow. Averaged across all the other factors, NT resulted in a slightly lower RLD and a slightly larger MD compared with CT. However, compared with CT, the RLD was higher in the upper soil layer (0 to 5 cm), similar from 5 to 10 cm, and lower from 10 to 30 cm in NT. The tillage effect disappeared below 30 cm. This tillage-induced difference in root distribution was more and more marked from 1997 to 1999. In the row, the MD was greater from 0 to 15 cm, was similar down to 25 cm, and was smaller from 25 to 50 cm in NT compared with CT while below 50 cm, the MD was hardly affected by tillage intensity. However, MD in the midrow was usually significantly higher from 0 to 10 cm under NT than under CT.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effect of retardants on technological value of winter wheat
2004
Cacak-Pietrzak, G. | Ceglinska, A. (Szkola Glowna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego, Warszawa (Poland). Zaklad Technologii Zboz) | Leszczynska, D. (Instytut Uprawy Nawozenia i Gleboznawstwa, Pulawy (Poland). Zaklad Uprawy Roslin Zbozowych)
Studies were carried in 2000-02 aimed to determine the influence of retardant sort, dose and application time on the technological value of winter wheat grain. Physical and chemical characteristics of the grain, milling value and baking value were determined. It was found that retardants influenced some physical and chemical characteristics of the wheat grain milling and baking value. The cultivars responded differently depends on retardant sort, dose and application time. Reaction of the cultivar Tonacja was stronger to tested factors than cultivar Mewa
Show more [+] Less [-]Impact of Tillage on Root Systems of Winter Wheat
2004
Qin, Ruijun | Stamp, Peter | Richner, Walter
There is relatively little information about root growth response under different tillage systems in cool temperate regions. In a 5-yr field trial at two sites [loamy silt (1995–1999) and sandy loam soils (1996–2000)] in the Swiss midlands, the effect of tillage intensity [no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT)] on the morphology and distribution of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots at harvest was studied for 3 yr (1997–1999). The root length density (RLD), mean root diameter (MD), and relative length per diameter-class distribution of the roots were determined using washed roots from soil cores taken from the row and the midrow. Averaged across all the other factors, NT resulted in a slightly lower RLD and a slightly larger MD compared with CT. However, compared with CT, the RLD was higher in the upper soil layer (0 to 5 cm), similar from 5 to 10 cm, and lower from 10 to 30 cm in NT. The tillage effect disappeared below 30 cm. This tillage-induced difference in root distribution was more and more marked from 1997 to 1999. In the row, the MD was greater from 0 to 15 cm, was similar down to 25 cm, and was smaller from 25 to 50 cm in NT compared with CT while below 50 cm, the MD was hardly affected by tillage intensity. However, MD in the midrow was usually significantly higher from 0 to 10 cm under NT than under CT.
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