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Do we realize the full impact of pollinator loss on other ecosystem services and the challenges for any restoration in terrestrial areas? Full text
2019
Christmann, Stefanie
Pollinators are key agents for ecosystems and humankind concerning biodiversity, agriculture, climate change adaptation, and all other ecosystem services. Particularly in industrialized countries pollinator diversity is in decline. The bulk of research is on entomological or plant‐pollinator network related topics, but the broad range of impacts of pollinator loss on coupled human and natural systems is not yet studied. As 87% of all flowering plants depend on pollinators, they are basic for all ecosystem services to some extent. Therefore, pollinator loss might cause simultaneous degradation of ecosystem services inducing counterproductive human responses and interlinked poverty spirals. The interaction of climate change, a main risk factor for pollinators, and unadvised human responses to pollinator decline are rarely studied. Tipping points of pollinator loss are not yet identified. Can counterproductive human responses to pollinator deficiency upscale pollinator decline toward a pollinator‐loss syndrome in the course of climate change? The article argues for research on the impacts of pollinator loss on other ecosystem services, useful and counterproductive human strategies on pollinator‐loss induced degradation, and the integration of pollinator protection into all terrestrial restoration efforts.
Show more [+] Less [-]Do we realize the full impact of pollinator loss on other ecosystem services and the challenges for any restoration in terrestrial areas? Full text
2019
Christmann, Stefanie
Pollinators are key agents for ecosystems and humankind concerning biodiversity, agriculture, climate change adaptation, and all other ecosystem services. Particularly in industrialized countries pollinator diversity is in decline. The bulk of research is on entomological or plant‐pollinator network related topics, but the broad range of impacts of pollinator loss on coupled human and natural systems is not yet studied. As 87% of all flowering plants depend on pollinators, they are basic for all ecosystem services to some extent. Therefore, pollinator loss might cause simultaneous degradation of ecosystem services inducing counterproductive human responses and interlinked poverty spirals. The interaction of climate change, a main risk factor for pollinators, and unadvised human responses to pollinator decline are rarely studied. Tipping points of pollinator loss are not yet identified. Can counterproductive human responses to pollinator deficiency upscale pollinator decline toward a pollinator‐loss syndrome in the course of climate change? The article argues for research on the impacts of pollinator loss on other ecosystem services, useful and counterproductive human strategies on pollinator‐loss induced degradation, and the integration of pollinator protection into all terrestrial restoration efforts.
Show more [+] Less [-]Phenological shifts alter the seasonal structure of pollinator assemblages in Europe Full text
2019
Duchenne, François | Thébault, E. | Michez, D | Elias, M | Drake, M | Persson, M | Rousseau-Piot, J, S | Pollet, M. | Vanormelingen, P | Fontaine, C | Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO) ; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Université de Mons / University of Mons (UMONS) | Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB) ; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA) | Orchid House | Skane University Hospital [Lund] | Département Etudes, Natagora [Belgium) | Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) | Ministere de la Transition Ecologique et SolidaireSJ 3-17
International audience | By analysing phenological shifts among > 2,000 insect pollinator species in Europe, the authors show that flight dates have become earlier and flight lengths shorter over the past 60 years, potentially altering continental-scale pollinator function.Pollinators play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems by providing key ecosystem functions and services to wild plants and crops, respectively. The sustainable provision of such ecosystem functions and services requires diverse pollinator communities over the seasons. Despite evidence that climate warming shifts pollinator phenology, a general assessment of these shifts and their consequences on pollinator assemblages is still lacking. By analysing phenological shifts of over 2,000 species, we show that, on average, the mean flight date of European pollinators shifted to be 6 d earlier over the last 60 yr, while their flight period length decreased by 2 d. Our analysis further reveals that these shifts have probably altered the seasonal distribution of pollination function and services by decreasing the overlap among pollinators' phenologies within European assemblages, except in the most northeastern part of Europe. Such changes are expected to decrease the functional redundancy and complementarity of pollinator assemblages and, therefore, might alter the performance of pollination function and services and their robustness to ongoing pollinator extinctions.
Show more [+] Less [-]Pollinator loss consequences Full text
2019
The Pollinator-Loss Sydrome. Pollinator loss affects all ecosystem services (green boxes on the left) and can cause interlinked poverty spirals (graph based on Christmann 2019, Restoration Ecology, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12950) | Stefanie Christmann. (30/5/2019). Pollinator loss consequences.
Show more [+] Less [-]Climate change enforces to look beyond the plant – the example of pollinators Full text
2019
Christmann, Stefanie
Within global crop production 1961–2012, the share of pollinator independent crops increased twofold, but fourfold of pollinator dependent crops. Balanced diets within the boundaries of our planet require even more pollinator dependent crops. Particularly, Low and Middle Income Countries in the drylands produce pollinator dependent crops. However, climate change and agriculture increasingly cause risks for pollinators. Common reward-based seeding of wildflower strips is too expensive for these countries. Breeding towards pollinator independent crops might accelerate loss of pollinators. Recent publications warned that pollinator loss can reduce other ecosystem services supporting crop production. A new alternative approach called Farming with Alternative Pollinators (FAP) might fill the gap. FAP creates on-farm habitable conditions for pollinators and increases productivity and incomes per surface.
Show more [+] Less [-]A global synthesis reveals biodiversity-mediated benefits for crop production Full text
2019
Dainese, Matteo | Martin, Emily | Aizen, Marcelo | Albrecht, Matthias | Bartomeus, Ignasi | Bommarco, Riccardo | Carvalheiro, Luisa | Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca | Gagic, Vesna | Garibaldi, Lucas | Ghazoul, Jaboury | Grab, Heather | Jonsson, Mattias | Karp, Daniel | Kennedy, Christina | Kleijn, David | Kremen, Claire | Landis, Douglas | Letourneau, Deborah | Marini, Lorenzo | Poveda, Katja | Rader, Romina | Smith, Henrik | Tscharntke, Teja | Andersson, Georg | Badenhausser, Isabelle | Baensch, Svenja | Bezerra, Antonio Diego M. | Bianchi, Felix | Boreux, Virginie | Bretagnolle, Vincent, V. | Caballero-Lopez, Berta | Cavigliasso, Pablo | Chacoff, Natacha | Classen, Alice | Cusser, Sarah | da Silva E Silva, Felipe | de Groot, G. Arjen | Dudenhöffer, Jan | Ekroos, Johan | Fijen, Thijs | Franck, Pierre | Freitas, Breno | Garratt, Michael | Gratton, Claudio | Hipólito, Juliana | Holzschuh, Andrea | Hunt, Lauren | Iverson, Aaron | Jha, Shalene | Keasar, Tamar | Kim, Tania | Kishinevsky, Miriam | Klatt, Björn | Klein, Alexandra-Maria | Krewenka, Kristin | Krishnan, Smitha | Larsen, Ashley | Lavigne, Claire | Liere, Heidi | Maas, Bea | Mallinger, Rachel | Martinez Pachon, Eliana | Martínez-Salinas, Alejandra | Meehan, Timothy | Mitchell, Matthew | Molina, Gonzalo | Nesper, Maike | Nilsson, Lovisa | O'Rourke, Megan | Peters, Marcell | Plećaš, Milan | Potts, Simon, G. | Ramos, Davi de L. | Rosenheim, Jay | Rundlöf, Maj | Rusch, Adrien | Sáez, Agustín | Scheper, Jeroen | Schleuning, Matthias | Schmack, Julia | Sciligo, Amber | Seymour, Colleen, L | Stanley, Dara | Stewart, Rebecca, J | Stout, Jane | Sutter, Louis | Takada, Mayura | Taki, Hisatomo | Tamburini, Giovanni | Tschumi, Matthias | Viana, Blandina | Westphal, Catrin | Willcox, Bryony | Wratten, Stephen | Yoshioka, Akira | Zaragoza-Trello, Carlos | Zhang, Wei | Zou, Yi | Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) | Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment ; Stanford University | Swiss Federal Institute of Technology | Department of Ecology [Warsaw] ; Institute of Zoology [Warsaw] ; Faculty of Biology [Warsaw] ; University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW)-Faculty of Biology [Warsaw] ; University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW) | Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management [Berkeley] (ESPM) ; University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley) ; University of California (UC)-University of California (UC) | Department of Entomology ; Michigan State University [East Lansing] ; Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System | Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences ; Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen | Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Centre for Environmental and Climate Research [Lund] (CEC) ; Skane University Hospital [Lund] | Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | University of Haifa [Haifa] | Leuphana University of Lüneburg | Environmental Science, Policy, & Management | Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Ensenanza (CATIE) | Department of Horticulture ; University of Wisconsin-Madison | University of Reading (UOR) | Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) | Kirstenbosch Research Centre ; South African National Biodiversity Institute | The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI) | Bio-Protection Research Centre | Beijing Forestry University | Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter ; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU)
International audience | Human land use threatens global biodiversity and compromises multiple ecosystem functions critical tofood production. Whether crop yield–related ecosystem services can be maintained by a few dominantspecies or rely on high richness remains unclear. Using a global database from 89 studies (with 1475 locations),we partition the relative importance of species richness, abundance, and dominance for pollination;biological pest control; and final yields in the context of ongoing land-use change. Pollinator and enemyrichness directly supported ecosystem services in addition to and independent of abundance and dominance.Up to 50% of the negative effects of landscape simplification on ecosystem services was due torichness losses of service-providing organisms, with negative consequences for crop yields. Maintainingthe biodiversity of ecosystem service providers is therefore vital to sustain the flow of key agroecosystembenefits to society.
Show more [+] Less [-]A global synthesis reveals biodiversity-mediated benefits for crop production Full text
2019
Dainese, Matteo | Martin, Emily | Aizen, Marcelo | Albrecht, Matthias | Bartomeus, Ignasi | Bommarco, Riccardo | Carvalheiro, Luisa | Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca | Gagic, Vesna | Garibaldi, Lucas | Ghazoul, Jaboury | Grab, Heather | Jonsson, Mattias | Karp, Daniel | Kennedy, Christina | Kleijn, David | Kremen, Claire | Landis, Douglas | Letourneau, Deborah | Marini, Lorenzo | Poveda, Katja | Rader, Romina | Smith, Henrik | Tscharntke, Teja | Andersson, Georg | Badenhausser, Isabelle | Baensch, Svenja | Bezerra, Antonio Diego M. | Bianchi, Felix | Boreux, Virginie | Bretagnolle, Vincent, V. | Caballero-Lopez, Berta | Cavigliasso, Pablo | Chacoff, Natacha | Classen, Alice | Cusser, Sarah | da Silva E Silva, Felipe | de Groot, G. Arjen | Dudenhöffer, Jan | Ekroos, Johan | Fijen, Thijs | Franck, Pierre | Freitas, Breno | Garratt, Michael | Gratton, Claudio | Hipólito, Juliana | Holzschuh, Andrea | Hunt, Lauren | Iverson, Aaron | Jha, Shalene | Keasar, Tamar | Kim, Tania | Kishinevsky, Miriam | Klatt, Björn | Klein, Alexandra-Maria | Krewenka, Kristin | Krishnan, Smitha | Larsen, Ashley | Lavigne, Claire | Liere, Heidi | Maas, Bea | Mallinger, Rachel | Martinez Pachon, Eliana | Martínez-Salinas, Alejandra | Meehan, Timothy | Mitchell, Matthew | Molina, Gonzalo | Nesper, Maike | Nilsson, Lovisa | O'Rourke, Megan | Peters, Marcell | Plećaš, Milan | Potts, Simon, G. | Ramos, Davi de L. | Rosenheim, Jay | Rundlöf, Maj | Rusch, Adrien | Sáez, Agustín | Scheper, Jeroen | Schleuning, Matthias | Schmack, Julia | Sciligo, Amber | Seymour, Colleen, L | Stanley, Dara | Stewart, Rebecca, J | Stout, Jane | Sutter, Louis | Takada, Mayura | Taki, Hisatomo | Tamburini, Giovanni | Tschumi, Matthias | Viana, Blandina | Westphal, Catrin | Willcox, Bryony | Wratten, Stephen | Yoshioka, Akira | Zaragoza-Trello, Carlos | Zhang, Wei | Zou, Yi | Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences = Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) | Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment ; Stanford University | Swiss Federal Institute of Technology | Department of Ecology [Warsaw] ; Institute of Zoology [Warsaw] ; Faculty of Biology [Warsaw] ; Uniwersytet Warszawski [Polska] = University of Warsaw [Poland] = Université de Varsovie [Pologne] (UW)-Uniwersytet Warszawski [Polska] = University of Warsaw [Poland] = Université de Varsovie [Pologne] (UW)-Faculty of Biology [Warsaw] ; Uniwersytet Warszawski [Polska] = University of Warsaw [Poland] = Université de Varsovie [Pologne] (UW)-Uniwersytet Warszawski [Polska] = University of Warsaw [Poland] = Université de Varsovie [Pologne] (UW) | Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management [Berkeley] (ESPM) ; University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley) ; University of California (UC)-University of California (UC) | Department of Entomology ; Michigan State University [East Lansing] ; Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System | Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences ; Georg-August-University of Göttingen = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen | Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Centre for Environmental and Climate Research [Lund] (CEC) ; Skane University Hospital [Lund] | Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Ǧāmiʿat͏̈ Hayfā = University of Haifa | Leuphana University of Lüneburg | Environmental Science, Policy, & Management | Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Ensenanza (CATIE) | Department of Horticulture ; University of Wisconsin-Madison | University of Reading (UOR) | Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) | Kirstenbosch Research Center ; National Botanical Institute | The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI) | Bio-Protection Research Centre | Beijing Forestry University | Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter ; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg = University of Würzburg [Würsburg, Germany] (JMU)
International audience | Human land use threatens global biodiversity and compromises multiple ecosystem functions critical tofood production. Whether crop yield–related ecosystem services can be maintained by a few dominantspecies or rely on high richness remains unclear. Using a global database from 89 studies (with 1475 locations),we partition the relative importance of species richness, abundance, and dominance for pollination;biological pest control; and final yields in the context of ongoing land-use change. Pollinator and enemyrichness directly supported ecosystem services in addition to and independent of abundance and dominance.Up to 50% of the negative effects of landscape simplification on ecosystem services was due torichness losses of service-providing organisms, with negative consequences for crop yields. Maintainingthe biodiversity of ecosystem service providers is therefore vital to sustain the flow of key agroecosystembenefits to society.
Show more [+] Less [-]A global synthesis reveals biodiversity-mediated benefits for crop production
2019
Dainese, Matteo | Martin, Emily A. | Aizen, Marcelo A. | Albrecht, Matthias | Bartomeus, Ignasi | Bommarco, Riccardo | Carvalheiro, Luisa G. | Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca | Gagic, Vesna | Garibaldi, Lucas A. | Ghazoul, Jaboury | Grab, Heather | Jonsson, Mattias | Karp, Daniel S. | Kennedy, Christina M. | Kleijn, David | Kremen, Claire | Landis, Douglas A. | Letourneau, Deborah K. | Marini, Lorenzo | Poveda, Katja | Rader, Romina | Smith, Henrik G. | Tscharntke, Teja | Andersson, Georg K.S. | Badenhausser, Isabelle | Baensch, Svenja | Bezerra, Antonio D.M. | Bianchi, Felix J.J.A. | Boreux, Virginie | Bretagnolle, Vincent | Caballero-Lopez, Berta | Cavigliasso, Pablo | Ćetković, Aleksandar | Chacoff, Natacha P. | Classen, Alice | Cusser, Sarah | Silva E Silva, Da, Felipe D. | Groot, de, G.A. | Dudenhöffer, Jan H. | Ekroos, Johan | Fijen, Thijs | Franck, Pierre | Freitas, Breno M. | Garratt, Michael P.D. | Gratton, Claudio | Hipólito, Juliana | Holzschuh, Andrea | Hunt, Lauren | Iverson, Aaron L. | Jha, Shalene | Keasar, Tamar | Kim, Tania N. | Kishinevsky, Miriam | Klatt, Björn K. | Klein, Alexandra Maria | Krewenka, Kristin M. | Krishnan, Smitha | Larsen, Ashley E. | Lavigne, Claire | Liere, Heidi | Maas, Bea | Mallinger, Rachel E. | Pachon, Eliana Martinez | Martínez-Salinas, Alejandra | Meehan, Timothy D. | Mitchell, Matthew G.E. | Molina, Gonzalo A.R. | Nesper, Maike | Nilsson, Lovisa | O'Rourke, Megan E. | Peters, Marcell K. | Plećaš, Milan | Potts, Simon G. | L. Ramos, de, Davi | Rosenheim, Jay A. | Rundlöf, Maj | Rusch, Adrien | Sáez, Agustín | Scheper, Jeroen | Schleuning, Matthias | Schmack, Julia M. | Sciligo, Amber R. | Seymour, Colleen | Stanley, Dara A. | Stewart, Rebecca | Stout, Jane C. | Sutter, Louis | Takada, Mayura B. | Taki, Hisatomo | Tamburini, Giovanni | Tschumi, Matthias | Viana, Blandina F. | Westphal, Catrin | Willcox, Bryony K. | Wratten, Stephen D. | Yoshioka, Akira | Zaragoza-Trello, Carlos | Zhang, Wei | Zou, Yi | Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf
Human land use threatens global biodiversity and compromises multiple ecosystem functions critical to food production. Whether crop yield-related ecosystem services can be maintained by a few dominant species or rely on high richness remains unclear. Using a global database from 89 studies (with 1475 locations), we partition the relative importance of species richness, abundance, and dominance for pollination; biological pest control; and final yields in the context of ongoing land-use change. Pollinator and enemy richness directly supported ecosystem services in addition to and independent of abundance and dominance. Up to 50% of the negative effects of landscape simplification on ecosystem services was due to richness losses of service-providing organisms, with negative consequences for crop yields. Maintaining the biodiversity of ecosystem service providers is therefore vital to sustain the flow of key agroecosystem benefits to society.
Show more [+] Less [-]A global synthesis reveals biodiversity-mediated benefits for crop production Full text
2019
Dainese, Matteo | Caballero-López, Berta | Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf
Human land use threatens global biodiversity and compromises multiple ecosystem functions critical to food production. Whether crop yield–related ecosystem services can be maintained by a few dominant species or rely on high richness remains unclear. Using a global database from 89 studies (with 1475 locations), we partition the relative importance of species richness, abundance, and dominance for pollination; biological pest control; and final yields in the context of ongoing land-use change. Pollinator and enemy richness directly supported ecosystem services in addition to and independent of abundance and dominance. Up to 50% of the negative effects of landscape simplification on ecosystem services was due to richness losses of service-providing organisms, with negative consequences for crop yields. Maintaining the biodiversity of ecosystem service providers is therefore vital to sustain the flow of key agroecosystem benefits to society.
Show more [+] Less [-]Under which conditions would a wide support be likely for a Multilateral Environmental Agreement for pollinator protection? Full text
2019
Christmann, Stefanie
The Nagoya Protocol (2010) demonstrated that Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEA) are still achievable. Pollination services are essential for biodiversity, agriculture, ecosystem services and human wellbeing, but in jeopardy as The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) confirmed. In 2016, thirteen mostly European countries established the Coalition of the Willing on Pollinators. This group of forerunners increased to twentyone members. Recently, the European Union (EU) decided to join in 2018. What would be necessary to move forward towards a Multilateral Environmental Agreement for pollinator protection during the next three or four Conferences of the Parties (COP) of the Convention for Biological Diversity (CBD)? Current approaches for pollinator protection mostly require subsidies or donations, they are not scalable and might limit the number of countries promoting a multilateral agreement. This paper suggests a mix of four strategies and low-cost policy measures across sectors. They would be affordable even for Low Income Countries (LIC), but require addressing certain research gaps to set the stage for policymakers.
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