The aim of the study was to assess the production and economic effects of the cultivation of four cultivars of winterwheat belonging to different utility groups, depending on the production technology. The study was based on the results ofthe field experiment conducted in the years of 2008-2010. The tested cultivars were: Tonacja, Bogatka, Kris, and Satyna.Among the tested cultivars, the highest grain yield was obtained from Bogatka, lower from Tonacja, while the lowestfrom Kris and Satyna. The compared technologies ensured the profitability of winter wheat grain production. The highestdirect profitability index was found for bread cultivar Bogatka, while the lowest for Satyna. Under intensive technology,additional grain production of bread wheat cultivars Kris and Bogatka was more cost-effective than under economictechnology. Under integrated technology, the highest marginal efficiency of grain production was recorded for cv. Bogatka

Experiments were conducted for development, quality evaluation and storage stability of multigrain flour biscuits made of different flours i.e, wheat flour, maize flour, barley flour, pearl millet flour and gram flour. The biscuits were formulated by taking different treatments and at different proportion of multigrain flours in the ratio of (C) 100:0:0:0:0, (S• ) 90:2.5:2.5:2.5:2.5, (S‚ ) 80:5.0:5.0:5.0:5.0 and (Sƒ ) 70:7.5:7.5:7.5:7.5, respectively. Biscuits were packaged in Low density polyethylene after preparation. All the samples were stored at room temperature for 30 and 60 days for quality evaluation. Sensory evaluation results were determined on the basis of the hedonic table. Results of the study revealed that the control sample were awarded overall score of 7.00 (like slightly) and biscuits prepared in the various flour ratio (S• ) 2.5%, (S‚ ) 5% and (Sƒ ) 7.5% were rated as 7.45 (like moderately), 7.80 (like very much) and 8.00 (like very much) respectively just after baking.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vegetation on soil microbial activity during spontaneous restoration and the effect of remaining eucalypts on the restoration stage of reserve ranges installed in eucalypt plantations. The studied areas were in the following stages: initial restoration stage with and without remaining eucalypts; advanced restoration stage with and without remaining eucalypts. Areas of Cerrado, native forest and commercial eucalypt plantation (Eucalypts) were evaluated for reference. Principal component analysis detected the following groups: 1- Cerrado and areas in initial restoration stage with or without eucalypts and areas in advanced restoration stage without eucalypts; 2- areas in advanced restoration stage with eucalypts; 3- native forest; 4- Eucalypts. The restoration areas are at intermediate stage of recovery, slightly superior to the advanced stage. Basal respiration, organic and microbial soil carbon and microbial and metabolic quotients were more similar to those observed in Cerrado than in eucalypt cultivation areas and little influence of the remaining eucalypts plants was observed.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vegetation on soil microbial activity during spontaneous restoration and the effect of remaining eucalypts on the restoration stage of reserve ranges installed in eucalypt plantations. The studied areas were in the following stages: initial restoration stage with and without remaining eucalypts; advanced restoration stage with and without remaining eucalypts. Areas of Cerrado, native forest and commercial eucalypt plantation (Eucalypts) were evaluated for reference. Principal component analysis detected the following groups: 1- Cerrado and areas in initial restoration stage with or without eucalypts and areas in advanced restoration stage without eucalypts; 2- areas in advanced restoration stage with eucalypts; 3- native forest; 4- Eucalypts. The restoration areas are at intermediate stage of recovery, slightly superior to the advanced stage. Basal respiration, organic and microbial soil carbon and microbial and metabolic quotients were more similar to those observed in Cerrado than in eucalypt cultivation areas and little influence of the remaining eucalypts plants was observed.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effective method of the comprehensive evaluation of ecological environmental quality in a coal mining area. Firstly, we analyzed the ecological environmental effect of the coal mining area according to Pigovian Tax theory and, according to the results of the analysis and the demand for the selection of evaluation indices by the comprehensive evaluation, built the corresponding comprehensive evaluation index system. We then used the correlation function method to determine the relative weights of each index. We determined the basic standards of a comprehensive evaluation of ecological environmental quality in a coal mining area according to the actual situation of ecological environmental quality assessments in coal mining areas in our country and the relevant provisions of the government. On this basis, we built the two-level extension comprehensive evaluation model for the evaluation of ecological environmental quality in mining areas. Finally, we chose a certain coal mining area of Yanzhou Coal Mining Company Limited as the specific case. We used the relevant statistic data, technical and economic indices and the extension evaluation model to do the applied research of the comprehensive evaluation and tested the effectiveness of the comprehensive evaluation model.

Three-phase unbalance is an important power quality issue that can cause many negative effects to the power system. Effective mitigation and management of voltage unbalance will benefit from the knowledge of how the unbalanced sources contribute to the voltage asymmetry at the point of evaluation (POE). In this paper, a method is proposed to assess the overall unbalance contribution of the multiple unbalanced sources at the point of common coupling (PCC). Firstly, the equivalent circuit for analysis is established and the unbalance contribution indices are proposed. Then a method is proposed to determine whether the dominant unbalanced polluter is at the upstream or downstream of POE. If the main unbalanced source is identified to be downstream of POE, a procedure is further proposed to determine the individual contribution of the multiple unbalanced sources. Moreover, for the multiple unbalanced source condition, the current flowing in each feeder is proposed to be used for the contribution estimation instead of the current actually emitted by the unbalanced source. Finally, a method is proposed to estimate the equivalent negative sequence impedance of the aggregate loads. Simulation and field analysis results validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the method.

Flour confectionery products are a promising group of food products for enrichment with food fibers. In the domestic literature studies on the development of recipes and technologies for muffins with various types of dietary fiber obtained from natural sources of raw materials are presented. However, there is no information on the use of the functional ingredient - pectin of woody greens of Scotch pine - in the cake. It has been revealed that this group of flour confectionery products with taste-aromatic foodadditives is realized in the food market of Krasnoyarsk. The development of the recipe and the evaluation of the quality of a new type of cake having chemical raising agent based on pectin of woody greens contributes to the solution of regional problems in providing population with a mass product that allows satisfying consumer's growing demand for "healthy products" that reduce the negative impact of the unfavorable ecological situation in the city of Krasnoyarsk. Carrying out the research we used common standardized methods of analysis; the results obtained were processed by regression analysis. It has been established that the introduction of pectin does not affect the smell of finished products. Constructing the mathematical model the factors "form", "smell", "taste" have been excluded since they are statistically insignificant in the process of regression analysis. The resulting regression equation linking the complex evaluation, the results of surface estimates, fracture type, structure and pectin content allowed us to determine the optimum amount of pectin of woody greens of Scotch pine equal to 9% of the fat mass in the cake recipe. The set dosage does not affect the sugar content and alkalinity. At the same time, an increase in the porosity and specific volume of the enriched finished product to 13.5% and 22.6%, respectively, compared to the control sample has been revealed. The developed "Krasnoyarskiy" cake recipe makes it possible to enrich the flour confectionery product with a functional ingredient in the volume of 50% of FNR to reduce the fat content by 8%. The results obtained are necessary for the development of technical documentation.

In order to find out the correlation between tobacco quality evaluation indicators in China's traditional "moderate aroma" tobacco-producing areas and simplify the tobacco quality evaluation indicators, we evaluate the appearance quality and smoking quality of 143 flue-cured tobacco leaf samples in China's "moderate aroma" tobacco-producing areas, test the physical traits and chemical component, and analyze the canonical correlation between four quality evaluation indicators. The results show that there is significant or extremely significant canonical correlation between four evaluation indicators (tobacco smoking quality, chemical component, appearance quality and physical trait quality); the cumulative variance contribution rate of evaluation indicators is in the order of chemical component (69.17%)>appearance quality (68.76%)>physical traits (64.13%); appearance quality is most closely related to physical traits (93.84%). The individual indicators for tobacco quality evaluation make different contribution to the correlation between quality evaluation indicators. The chemical component evaluation indicators mainly include total sugar and ratio of total sugar to betaine; sensory taste indicators mainly include aroma volume, smoke concentration, irritation and softness degree; physical trait evaluation indicators mainly include leaf weight, leaf length and leaf density; appearance quality indicators mainly include leaf organizational structure, color, maturity and identity. Studies have shown that in the large-scale eco-region, using canonical correlation analysis to simplify tobacco quality evaluation indicators is feasible.

Soil quality is a comprehensive reflection of soil properties. Since the soil quality concept was put forward in the 1970s, the quality of different type soils in different regions have been evaluated through a variety of evaluation methods, but it still lacks universal soil quantity evaluation models and methods. In this paper, the applications and prospects of grey relevancy comprehensive evaluation model, attribute hierarchical model, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, matter-element model, RAGA-based PPC/PPE model and GIS model in soil quality evaluation are reviewed.

The diet of a modern man should contain fruits and vegetables as producers of physiologically active substances. However, rutabaga - primordial Russian vegetable - has been unfairly forgotten in the range of this product group. At present this root crop is mainly used in fodder production. The purpose of the research is quality evaluation of fresh ripened rutabaga grown in the households of the Novosibirsk region. The aim is achieved by fulfilling the following tasks: determination of conformity of products to the requirements of normative documentation (in appearance; internal structure; the size of roots in the greatest transverse diameter; the amount of roots with minor mechanical damage of the pulp or the skin, slight healed cracks, surface damage of skin with pests (rodent damage is not permitted), with petioles longer than the established size, with deviations in size; the presence of the soil adhered to the roots; the presence of frozen, decaying roots; determination of the main organoleptic parameters (size, correct shape, visual appeal, the intensity and uniformity of color, consistency of epithelial tissues and pulp, aroma and taste), as well as chemical composition. We have used common research methods (organoleptic and physical-chemical ones), the results being processed with software products. It has been established that rutabaga tested for three years meets the regulatory requirements in terms of regulated indices and its organoleptic evaluation proves its excellent quality. It has been revealed that the chemical composition of rutabaga is consistent with the average literature data. Studied rutabaga can be used as food when reviving Russian cuisine.