ABSTRACT. Bernardo-Pedro T., Silveira A.K. & Tassinari W.S. Landscape features associated to the occurrence of Amblyomma sculptum ticks: an application of zero inflated regression models. [Características de paisagem associadas à ocorrência de carrapatos Amblyomma sculptum: uma aplicação dos modelos de regressão inflacionados de zeros.] Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 38(supl. 3):39-46, 2016. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brasil. E-mail: thiago.b.pedro@gmail.com The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between landscape features and occurrence of A. sculptum ticks, using zero inflated regression models. A total of 503 ticks were collected during the period of the research. Most of them were captured in sites related to the following features: 20-40m altitude (93.64%), 0-2.5% declivity (57.65%), plain land (93.04%), albaqualf type of soil (52.68%), presence of capybaras (56.06%) and high occurrence favorability of A. sculptum (84.89%). Regarding the non-inflated part of the bivariate models, all variables were significant, which means all of them contribute to A. sculptum occurrence. In the final multivariate model, only geomorphology and type of soil were relevant variables to explain A. sculptum occurrence. In conclusion, landscape features – especially geomorphology and type of soil – are associated to A. sculptum abundance in the research area, what indicates that these variables should be taken into consideration when planning tick control programs.

ABSTRACT. de Paulo J.F., Ferreira J.R.T., Marciano A.F., de Freitas, M.C. Coutinho-Rodrigues C.J.B., Camargo M.G., Angelo I.daC. Bittencourt V.R.E.P., Gôlo P.S. [Association between Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato and cypermethrin to control Rhipicephalus microplus.] Associação de Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato e cipermetrina para o controle de Rhipicephalus microplus. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 38(supl. 3):66-74, 2016. Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Anexo 1, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brasil. E-mail: patriciagolo@gmail.com Rhipicephalus microplus is responsible for large economic losses in Brazilian livestock. In order to control this arthropod, the indiscriminate use of chemical products may be widely used, leading to damages to the environment, animals and humans, besides contributing to the appearance of resistant tick populations. The use of chemicals associated with biological entomopathogens drives an alternative to increase the effectiveness of tick control and reduce de damage caused by the inappropriate use of chemicals. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of Metarhizium anisopliae and cypermethrin association on immature stages of R. microplus ticks. The groups were exposed by immersing the egg mass and larvae in 1 ml of fungal aqueous suspension, cypermethrin solution, cypermethrin associated to the fungal suspension and Tween 80 0.1% (v/v) (control). The biological parameters evaluated were: larval hatching percentage and larval mortality percentage. It was observed that both the fungus in a low concentration (106 conidia mL-1) or cypermethrin in a low concentration (25 ppm) were not able to change the biological parameters in comparison to the control group. Despite this, when associated the fungus at 106 conidia mL-1 with cypermethrin in a low concentration, together they were able to reduce larval hatching percentage and increase mortality in comparison to the single use of fungus or cypermethrin. Accordingly, it is concluded that the association of M. anisopliae with cypermethrin is a promising alternative to control of immature stages of R. microplus.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate post-immunization apoptotic changes in experimental hydatidosis, using Caspase 3 and p53 immunohistochemical markers. Two groups of rabbits were immunized with a crude antigen (group 1) or a partially purified antigen (group 2) and were compared to an infected non-immunized control group. More effective immune responses were obtained in group 2 than group 1, signified by fewer and smaller cystic lesions and more severe destructive changes. Normal growth of cysts was attained in the control group, with no expression of apoptotic markers. Significantly higher expression of Caspase 3 and p53 were observed in group 1 compared to group 2, as indicated by OD and area percentage, respectively (Group 1 Caspase 3: 0.89±0.21, 93.5%±6.2; Group 1 p53: 0.46±0.18, 53.26%±11.6; Group 2 Caspase 3: 0.52±0.15, 49.23%±11.7; Group 2 p53: 0.19±0.4, 18.17%±7.3). Vaccine-induced immune responses and cellular damage may underlie the expression of apoptotic markers that appeared to result in a degenerative and atrophic course of action upon immunization. The results of the current study emphasize the importance of immunization for the stimulation of protective immune responses and in preventing mechanisms of evasion to ensure normal cell growth. A cost/benefit control program that implements proper vaccine preparations should be further assessed for complete elimination of severe infections in endemic areas.

Abstract An extensive literature review is made of the parasites in marine and freshwater fish in mainland Portugal, the Portuguese archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, as well as in farmed fish. The host(s) of each parasite species, its location in the host, site of capture of the host, whenever possible, and all the available bibliographic references are described. The economic importance of some parasites and the zoonotic relevance of some parasitic forms are discussed. A general overview of the data is provided, and some research lines are suggested in order to increase and complement the current body of knowledge about the parasites of fish from Portugal.

Abstract The transplacental transmission is the primary route of Neospora caninum infection in bovine herds around the world. This study aimed to determine the frequency of transplacental transmission of the parasite in dairy cattle of Agreste region of Pernambuco through serological tests (IFAT and ELISA). Three hundred sixteen serum samples from cows and heifers and their offspring were analyzed. The transplacental transmission rate was 72.22% (13/18) for cows and 69.23% (9/13) for heifers by IFAT. ELISA test showed transplacental transmission rate of 43.58% (17/39) for cows and 50% (9/18) for heifers. The transplacental transmission rates were similar, in both groups in test, but a higher seropositivity was found in cows by IFAT. Data were statistically analyzed using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. A significant relationship of dependence between seropositivity of mothers and their offspring was found. The more frequent IFAT antibody titers and ELISA levels for N. caninum were, respectively, 200 and between four (cows) and five (heifers and offspring). In the Spearman correlation, no association was found between the magnitude of antibody titers for N. caninum between mothers and their offspring. The kappa test showed an index of 0.35, indicating a mild correlation between the serological tests used. The study suggests that cows and heifers are the main transmitters of N. caninum in the studied region and that vertical transmission is the major form of transmission in dairy herds of the Agreste region of Pernambuco.

ABSTRACT. Coutinho-Rodrigues C.J.B., de Freitas M.C., Perinotto W.M.deS., Santos F.S., de Paulo J.F., Quinelato S., Camargo M.G., Angelo I.daC. & Bittencourt V.R.E.P. [Morphological study and conidia production of Beauveria bassiana isolates before and after reisolation in Rhipicephalus microplus]. Estudo morfológico de isolados de Beauveria bassiana antes e após reisolamento em Rhipicephalus microplus Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 38(supl. 3):54-65, 2016. Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Anexo 1, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, KM 47, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brasil. E-mail: vaniabit@ufrrj.br Beauveria bassiana is a cosmopolitan arthropod pathogenic fungus that possesses the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus as host. In this context, studies involving morphology and production of conidia on culture medium may indicate isolates that have potential for using in wide-scale. The present study evaluated the macro and the micromorphology, in addition to the conidia production of ten B. bassiana isolates before and after one passage (development cycle) on R. microplus. Macroscopically, variations in diameter, surface, texture, exudation and reverse coloration were observed after reisolation. On the other hand, the process did not alter the development of conidiophores, the shape and size of conidia. Regarding the conidiation, six isolates increased the number of conidia counted per area. Highlighting, the isolate Bb 02, which has the tick as the original host, presented an increase of the powdery and conidia production posteriorly of a single passage. Thus, it is believed that for future commercial evaluations, studies involving more passages in potential hosts, as well as their association to pathogenicity and enzymatic activity analyzes, may express more relevant results for biological control.   | Beauveria bassiana é um fungo artropodopatogênico cosmopolita que possui o carrapato dos bovinos Rhipicephalus microplus como hospedeiro. Neste cenário, estudos morfológicos e de produtividade conidial em meio de cultura podem indicar isolados que possuam potencial para produção em larga escala. O presente trabalho avaliou a macromorfologia e micromorfologia, além da produção conidial de dez isolados de B. bassiana antes e após uma passagem (ciclo de desenvolvimento) sobre R. microplus. Macroscopicamente, variações de diâmetro, aparência, aspecto de colônia, exsudação e cor de reverso foram observadas após o reisolamento. Por outro lado, o processo não alterou parâmetros como desenvolvimento dos conidióforos, formato e tamanho de conídios. Em relação à produção conidial, seis isolados aumentaram significativamente o número de conídios contados por área. Como destaque, o isolado Bb 02, que possui o carrapato como hospedeiro original de isolamento, apresentou aumento da pulverulência e produção conidial após apenas uma única passagem. Assim, acredita-se que para avaliações futuras com cunho comercial, estudos que envolvam mais passagens em hospedeiros em potencial, bem como sua associação a análises de patogenicidade e atividade enzimática, podem expressar resultados mais relevantes para o controle biológico.

ABSTRACT. de Paulo J.F., Ferreira J.R.T., Marciano A.F., de Freitas, M.C. Coutinho-Rodrigues C.J.B., Camargo M.G., Angelo I.daC. Bittencourt V.R.E.P., Gôlo P.S. [Association between Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato and cypermethrin to control Rhipicephalus microplus.] Associação de Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato e cipermetrina para o controle de Rhipicephalus microplus. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 38(Supl.3):85-90, 2016. Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Anexo 1, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brasil. E-mail: patriciagolo@gmail.com Rhipicephalus microplus is responsible for large economic losses in Brazilian livestock. In order to control this arthropod, the indiscriminate use of chemical products may be widely used, leading to damages to the environment, animals and humans, besides contributing to the appearance of resistant tick populations. The use of chemicals associated with biological entomopathogens drives an alternative to increase the effectiveness of tick control and reduce de damage caused by the inappropriate use of chemicals. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of Metarhizium anisopliae and cypermethrin association on immature stages of R. microplus ticks. The groups were exposed by immersing the egg mass and larvae in 1 ml of fungal aqueous suspension, cypermethrin solution, cypermethrin associated to the fungal suspension and Tween 80 0.1% (v/v) (control). The biological parameters evaluated were: larval hatching percentage and larval mortality percentage. It was observed that both the fungus in a low concentration (106 conidia mL-1) or cypermethrin in a low concentration (25 ppm) were not able to change the biological parameters in comparison to the control group. Despite this, when associated the fungus at 106 conidia mL-1 with cypermethrin in a low concentration, together they were able to reduce larval hatching percentage and increase mortality in comparison to the single use of fungus or cypermethrin. Accordingly, it is concluded that the association of M. anisopliae with cypermethrin is a promising alternative to control of immature stages of R. microplus. | Rhipicephalus microplus é responsável por grandes perdas econômicas na pecuária brasileira. Com o intuito de controlar esse artrópode, o uso indiscriminado de produtos químicos é amplamente empregado, acarretando em prejuízos ao meio ambiente, aos animais e humanos, além de contribuir para o aparecimento de cepas de carrapatos resistentes. Assim, o emprego de produtos químicos associados a entomopatógenos surge como uma alternativa para aumentar a eficácia do controle de carrapato e reduzir os danos causados pelo uso inapropriado de produtos químicos. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi de avaliar a eficiência da associação de Metarhizium anisopliae e cipermetrina sobre estágios imaturos de R. microplus. O tratamento dos grupos foi realizado através da imersão de ovos e larvas em 1mL de suspensão aquosa do fungo, solução de cipermetrina, suspenção fúngica associada à cipermetrina e um grupo controle. Os parâmetros biológicos avaliados foram o percentual de eclosão e o percentual de mortalidade das larvas. Observou se que o fungo quando utilizado sozinho em menor concentração (106 conídios mL-1) ou a cipermetrina também em menor concentração (25 ppm) não foram capazes de alterar os parâmetros biológicos quando comparados ao grupo controle. No entanto, a associação do fungo a 106 conídios mL-1 com cipermetrina em menor concentração, foi capaz de reduzir o percentual de eclosão pela metade e causar o dobro de mortalidade quando comparado ao uso do fungo e cipermetrina isoladamente. Desta forma, conclui se que a associação de M. anisopliae com cipermetrina é eficaz no controle de estágios imaturos de R. microplus.

ABSTRACT. Bernardo-Pedro T., Silveira A.K. & Tassinari W.S. Landscape features associated to the occurrence of Amblyomma sculptum ticks: an application of zero inflated regression models. [Características de paisagem associadas à ocorrência de carrapatos Amblyomma sculptum: uma aplicação dos modelos de regressão inflacionados de zeros.] Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 38(supl. 3):39-46, 2016. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brasil. E-mail: thiago.b.pedro@gmail.com The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between landscape features and occurrence of A. sculptum ticks, using zero inflated regression models. A total of 503 ticks were collected during the period of the research. Most of them were captured in sites related to the following features: 20-40m altitude (93.64%), 0-2.5% declivity (57.65%), plain land (93.04%), albaqualf type of soil (52.68%), presence of capybaras (56.06%) and high occurrence favorability of A. sculptum (84.89%). Regarding the non-inflated part of the bivariate models, all variables were significant, which means all of them contribute to A. sculptum occurrence. In the final multivariate model, only geomorphology and type of soil were relevant variables to explain A. sculptum occurrence. In conclusion, landscape features – especially geomorphology and type of soil – are associated to A. sculptum abundance in the research area, what indicates that these variables should be taken into consideration when planning tick control programs. | O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a associação entre características de paisagem e ocorrência de carrapatos A. sculptum, utilizando modelos de regressão inflacionados de zeros. Um total de 503 carrapatos foram coletados durante o período de estudo. A maioria foi capturada em locais com as seguintes características: altitude entre 20-40m (93,64%), declividade entre 0-2,5% (57,65%), planície (93,04%), planossolo (52,68%), presença de capivaras (56,06%) e alta favorabilidade de ocorrência de A. sculptum (84,89%). Considerando a parte não-inflacionada dos modelos bivariados, todas as variáveis foram significativas, o que significa que todas contribuíram para a ocorrência dos carrapatos. No modelo multivariado final, apenas geomorfologia e tipo de solo foram relevantes para explicar a ocorrência de A. sculptum. Pode-se concluir que as características da paisagem – especialmente geomorfologia e tipo de solo – estão associadas à abundância de A. sculptum na área da pesquisa, o que indica que tais variáveis devem ser levadas em consideração ao se planejar programas de controle de carrapatos.

ABSTRACT. Teixeira Filho W.L., Gonçaves L.R. & Lopes C.W.G. Natural coccidiosis infection in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis L. 1875) in Southeastern Brazil. [Coccidiose natural em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis L. 1875) no Sudeste do Brasil.] Frequência das espécies do gênero Eimeria Schneider, 1885 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) em Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus, 1875 no sudeste do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 38 (supl. 3):1-8, 2016. Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Anexo 1, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Campus Seropédica, BR 465 km 7, RJ 23890-000, Brasil.E-mail: wleira@bol.com.br Herd of buffaloes in Brazil is related to extensive breedings, where the oc-cupation of the land is premised on its permanence for being a rustic animal. According to the analyzed data obtained from oocysts of the genus Eimeria recovered from fecal samples and placed to sporulate in 2.5% potassium dichromate. Regarding the identification of the species, the description and measurements of the sporulated oocysts were taken for each identified species. In relation to the morphotypes found, the presence of three specific species from water buffalo, such as: Eimeria bareylli, Eimeria ankarensis and Eimeria gokaki were observed, where the last two species were first reported in Brazil. The most prevalent species in water buffalos in the State of Rio de Janeiro was Eimeria zuernii followed by Eimeria ellipsoidalis both and other of less frequent species were also very common in bovine. Species distribution of the genus Eimeria was not homogeneous in all analized animals, where an animal has eight species, while 88.75% of the total samples had at least four species. The buffalo herds were characterized as extensive breeding, where the animals were keptin place for a long time, regardless of age, and sex and from youth to adults. | O rebanho de búfalos no Brasil está relacionado a extensões de criação, onde a ocupação da terra se baseia na sua permanência por ser um animal rústico. De acordo com os dados analisados obtidos de oocistos do gênero Eimeria recuperados de amostras fecais e colocados para esporular em dicromato de potássio a 2,5%. Quanto à identificação das espécies, foram feitas com base nas descrições e medidas dos oocistos esporulados para cada espécie identificada. Em relação aos morfotipos encontrados, observou-se a presença de três espécies específicas de búfalos de água como Eimeria bareylli, E. ankarensis e E. gokaki, onde as duas últimas espécies foram relatadas pela primeira vez no Brasil. As espécies mais prevalentes em búfalos aquáticos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro foram E. zuernii seguidas de E. ellipsoidalis e outras de menor freqüência foram muito frequentes em bovinos. A distribuição de espécies do gênero Eimeria não foi homogênea em todos os animais analizados, onde um animal tem oito espécies, enquanto 88,75% das amostras totais tinham pelo menos quatro espécies. Os rebanhos de búfalos foram caracterizados como reprodução extensiva, onde os animais foram mantidos no local por um longo tempo, independentemente da idade, sexo e de jovens para adultos.

The aim of this survey was to identify spatial clustering of bovine cysticercosis-positive herds in the state of Paraíba. The state was divided into three sampling groups: sampling stratum 1 (Sertão mesoregion), sampling stratum 2 (Borborema mesoregion) and sampling stratum 3 (Zona da Mata and Agreste mesoregions), and 2382 cows aging ≥ 24 months from 474 farms were sampled. Serological diagnoses of bovine cysticercosis were initially done by means of indirect ELISA, and positive serum samples were confirmed by a immunoblot test. Herds were deemed positive for cysticercosis if they presented at least one positive animal in herds of up to 29 females, and two positive animals in herds with more than 29 females. The spatial clustering was assessed using the Cuzick-Edwards k-nearest neighbor method and spatial scan statistics. A significant clustering of positive herds was detected in the southern part of the Borborema mesoregion. Given that serological tests for bovine cysticercosis are not widely available, and also that replacement and maintenance of herds through animal purchases is common in the region, it can be concluded that prevention measures should be applied at herd level. | O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar agrupamentos espaciais de rebanhos positivos para cisticercose bovina no Estado da Paraíba. O estado foi dividido em três grupos amostrais: estrato amostral 1 (mesorregião do Sertão), estrato amostral 2 (mesorregião da Borborema), e estrato amostral 3 (mesorregiões da Zona da Mata e Agreste), e 2.382 vacas com idade ≥ 24 meses foram amostradas a partir de 474 propriedades. O diagnóstico sorológico da cisticercose bovina foi inicialmente realizado pelo ELISA indireto, e as amostras de soro positivas foram confirmadas por immunoblot. Um rebanho foi considerado positivo para cisticercose se apresentasse pelo menos um animal positivo em rebanhos de até 29 fêmeas, e dois animais positivos em rebanhos com mais de 29 fêmeas. Os agrupamentos espaciais foram avaliados com o uso da metodologia k-vizinhos mais próximos de Cuzick-Edwards e estatística espacial de varredura. Um agrupamento significativo de rebanhos positivos foi detectado na parte sul da mesorregião da Borborema. Tendo em vista que os testes sorológicos para diagnóstico de cisticercose bovina não são amplamente disponíveis, bem como é comum na região a reposição e manutenção dos rebanhos por compra de animais, conclui-se que medidas de prevenção devem ser aplicadas em nível de rebanho.