Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most cultivated and consumed legumes worldwide. Brazil is one of the world's largest producers of this crop, which constitutes an important primary source of protein in the diet of its population. In the Northeast region, this legume is a key crop, especially for small family farmers. However, this region has high production susceptibility, which is mainly due to local climatic conditions and the low degree of technification employed. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the productive variations of the bean crop in the municipality of Dois Riachos, Semi-arid of Alagoas, in the period 1998-2015. The production data were obtained from the IBGE Municipal Agricultural Production database, using the Automatic Recovery System (SIDRA), and subjected to correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed high interannual variability in the production of beans, reflected in the strong oscillation of the analyzed variables. Significant correlations were observed between all variables. The PCA gathered 93.8% of the original data variance in its first two axes, generating 4 clusters that grouped years with similar productive characteristics. The reductions observed for the variables may be linked mainly to abiotic factors, such as the occurrence of prolonged droughts, and the low degree of technification used for this culture.

Resistance to Penetration (RP) can be found on various soil conditions and even on different agricultural production systems. The present work aimed to diagnose compacted layers along the soil profile. For the development of the work, it was necessary to use a specific equipment for data collection of RP whose name and Digital Penetrometer (Falker). Able to measure compacted layers every 5 cm depth up to a distance of 60 cm. along the soil profile in addition, it is able to provide data via graphs through a computer system. Random collections were carried out on different farms in the Araguaia Xingu region, so the criterion used to develop the work was to collect 15 points per plots at a maximum depth of 40cm and the same should be found in its third year of soybean cultivation. Corn (Safrinha). A total of 135 points were collected along 9 farms in the region, and after analyzing the points through the PenetroLOG Software. An average of the 15 points of each farm was carried out, as well as the final average of all the farms to reinforce the individual means. It was concluded that, in the soybean and maize out-season system, the compacted layer is between 14 and 20 cm deep along the soil profile with mean values of pressure of 1975 and 2504 kpa. This suggests alteration of the management used in the soils of the evaluated areas.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the precision and accuracy of smartphone applications for measuring the total height of trees. We measured the heights of 90 trees of different species on the campus of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro in Seropédica, equally distributed in three height classes: (1) h ≤ 11.5 m; (2) 11.5 <h < 20 m; and (3) h ≥ 20 m. The heights measured by the Vertex III® hypsometer was the reference for the comparison of the tested applications: Measure Height (MH and MDH), Hypsometer (HYP), Simple Measure (SM), Height Calculator (HC), Smart Tools (ST), Height and Distance (HD), Two Point Height (TPH and TPH2) and Tree Meter (TM) using the MOTO G5 smartphone. For data analysis, we performed an F (α = 0,05) test, and if there is a significant difference Dunnett's mean test (α = 0,05) was applied, and height variation coefficients (CV%) were analyzed for all applications used. Then, we carried out the graphical analysis of the differences and the statistical parameters of Bias (V), Mean of Absolute Differences (MD), Standard Deviation of Differences (DPD), ending with the performance index (c). We concluded that the applications Height Calculator (HC), Smart Tools (ST) and, Two Point Height, (TPH) present greater precision and accuracy in the measurement of the total height of the trees. However, we observed that increasing the height of the trees, reduces the performance of the applications, mainly using the Simple Measure (SM) and Height and Distance (HD) applications. The Tree Meter (TM) can be used on trees smaller than 20 m in total height. Measure Height (MH and MDH) and Hypsometer (HYP) applications have low precision and accuracy in estimates.

The yellow passion fruit tis cultivated and commercialized throughout the Brazilian territory, it contributes to the generation of employment, and can be cultivated from micro to large producers. The Passifloraceae family is one of the most studied in breeding programs, aiming at the production of hybrids. The objective of the work was to identify the pollen viability of Passiflora edulis, using three dyes, being Lugol 2%, Alexander reactive 2% and blackcurrant juice. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, followed by Tukey’s test to compare means at a significance level of 5%, using the R software.  The results indicated a high rate of viable pollens, with no difference between the dyes used, since that the reactive dye Alexander was the one that best enable the identification of viable and non-viable pollens.

Hair is a complex natural fiber consisting mainly of keratin that can be divided into four main structural units, namely: cuticle, cortex, medulla, and membrane complex. The use of pigments in hair care preparations, mainly derivatives of aromatic amines, has been a topic of discussion due to toxicity and ecotoxicity concerns. In this background, Myrciaria cauliflora Berg is a native fruit occurring from northeastern to southern Brazil. Among the diversity of compounds detected in this fruit species are bioactive flavonoids and anthocyanins, which are responsible for the purple pigmentation of the fruit peels. This study reports on the use of a microencapsulated Myrciaria cauliflora Berg. peel extract as a temporary pigment to reduce the yellow tone of the hair. The extract was obtained by maceration with 70% ethanol (v/v) in an acidic milieu (6.0% citric acid). The extract was submitted to phytochemical profiling and a shampoo formulation was developed and applied onto a chemically treated hair. The preliminary characterization of the extract confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, in addition to the acid/base character of the extract. When tested on discolored hair samples with a yellow tone, the Myrciaria cauliflora Berg. shampoo reduced the yellow color, which was visually perceived by the enhancement of the hair brightness. These results demonstrate the potential of M. cauliflora extract – obtained from a fruit widely found in Brazil, as a temporary pigment to be used in cosmetic hair care.

Stingless bees are important pollinators for the native forest of tropical and subtropical regions, predominantly in Latin America. This group contains more than 300 species, many of them native from Brazil. Their colonies present various types of structures, formats and materials. Scaptotrigona bipunctata (Lepeletier, 1836) is a species of stingless bee that builds large colonies within tree trunks. They are ecologically important as pollinators, maintaining the ecological balance. However, studies indicate that the number of bees has been decreasing drastically over the years due to habitat destruction and intensive use of agrochemicals. High doses of insecticides can lead to the death of bees, but low concentrations may promote behavioral changes that affect the colonies and its services to ecosystem and agricultural crops. Around 40% of all insecticides applied in Brazil are toxic to bees. Cypermethrin insecticide belongs to the pyrethroid group and it is widely used in several crops, such as cotton, potato, coffee, maize and tomato. This study aimed to investigate the mortality rate, alterations in total protein and esterase expression in S. bipunctataafter contamination by ingestion and contact with cypermethrin. At the end of the bioassays, there was found a low mortality rate, however, sublethal effects were expressive. Esterases showed different expression patterns after contamination, both by ingestion and contact and total protein analysis presented changes in expression, as well.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of three hybrids of the genus Eucalyptus and Eucalyptus camaldulensis cultivated at Fazenda Buritis, Sorriso municipality, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, using DAP, height, bark volume, IMA, stem quality and survival. It was done a DIC, distributing 4 plots of 343m2, 49 trees per plot, in each of the 4 cultivated materials in a spacing of 3.5 x 2m, and 3 data collections were carried out, from January 2013 to January 2014 The results show that clones I144 and H13 have higher mean DAP, height, volume with IMA bark, higher percentage of trees with straight stem and higher survival rates indicating that the soil and climatic conditions of the city of Sorriso-MT are presented as suitable for the cultivation of these genetic materials

The combine harvest for soybean crops market are currently available two types of combine with header or platform, one of conventional with revolving reel with metal or plastic teeth to cause the cut crop to fall into the auger header and the other called "draper" headers that use a fabric or rubber apron instead of a cross auger, there are few test about performance of this combine header for soybean in Mato Grosso State. The aim of this work was to evaluate the soybean harvesting quantitative losses and performance using two types combine header in four travel speed. The experiment was conducted during soybean crops season 2014/15, the farm Tamboril in the municipality of Pontes e Lacerda, State of Mato Grosso. The was used the experimental design of randomized blocks, evaluating four forward harvesting speeds (4 km h-1, 5 km h-1, 6 km h-1 and 7 km h-1), the natural crops losses were analyzed, loss caused by the combine harvester (combine header, internal mechanisms and total losses) and was also estimated the  field performance of each combine. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test and compared of the average by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results show the draper header presents a smaller amount of total loss and in most crop yield when compared with the conventional cross auger.

Millet is an important summer grass used as forage grass due to good bromatological characteristics and easy adaptation to Brazilian environmental conditions. However, when sowing the crop early in the southern region, situations may occur where low temperatures affect germination and seedling development. Thus, the present work had the objective of evaluating the germination and initial development of millet using Biozyme TF® biostimulant as a way to attenuate the effects of different temperatures. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme 3 x 5 (temperatures x doses) with four replicates each. The temperatures used were 15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C and the doses used were: 0 (control); 0.25; 0.5; 0.75 and 1 ml kg-1. After the treatment, the seeds were evaluated by: germination test, germination speed index, shoot and root length and seedling dry mass. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance with Sisvar® software and, when found significant, the regression analysis was performed. The germination of millet seeds is favored, under low temperature stress conditions, with seed treatment at the dose of 0.50 ml kg-1 of biostimulant. The biostimulant does not influence millet germination speed index. Under low temperature thermal stress the biostimulant minimally increases the length and dry mass accumulation of millet seedlings and attenuates the negative effects on root growth. The accumulation of dry mass of the roots decreased with increasing dose of the biostimulant under thermal stress condition.

Water contamination is much more common than imagined, because it is practically impossible today to have an ecosystem that has not suffered directly or indirectly from humans. Studies with the aim of genotoxicity and mutagenesis use bioindicators as the basis of tests, the most used are from the Allium ssp family. When we mention cytogenetic damage, the intensity depends mainly on the degree of exposure, quantity, chemical nature and of the possible combinations between the contaminants, also influenced by the characteristics and conditions of the environment in which the organisms considered bioindicators are submitted. The present work has the objective of analyzing the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects induced by contaminating material that cause chromosomal alterations by means of mitotic index analysis using as bioindicator Allium sativum (garlic). The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Culture of Vegetable Tissues at the University of the State of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) at the Alta Floresta Campus - MT. The soil was collected and stored separately using 200 grams of each sample with three treatments: surface, 20 cm and 40 cm deep, making a tea with 200 ml of distilled water and then measuring the pH. Using a direct method where the bioindicator is submitted directly to the tea solution, awaiting the emission of roots, and the indirect method, where the bioindicator is submitted first, the stimulation of root formation for 72 hours and then is submitted to contaminating solution. The plates readings to observe the interior of the cell using crushing techniques were performed in 24, 48 and 72 hours of experiment (indirect method) and 24 hours (direct method, also measuring the roots). With the results, we can state that the material used as pollutant (soil sample) has a cytotoxic and genotoxic potential in the bioindicator material, presenting high potential in the cell cycle induction, provoking various chromosomal aberrations.