This study aimed to evaluate the energy performance of a tractor-disk set under different combinations of speed and engine revs. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop Campus, MT. The design consisted of randomized blocks with eight treatments and four replications being 1Ax1550rpm (4km h-1), 5Bx1500rpm (4km h-1), 5Bx1950rpm (5 km h-1), 1Ax2000rpm (5 km h-1), 6Bx1650rpm (6 km h-1), 2Ax1900rpm (6 km h-1), 2Ax2150rpm (7 km h-1) and 6Bx1950rpm (7 km h-1). We evaluated the tractor wheel slip, hourly consumption, operating consumption and effective field capacity. The tractor wheel slip was not influenced by the variation of  combinations gear and engine speed. The escalation of gears and engine speed influenced on field capacity of the assembly and, consequently, the operating consumption. The hourly fuel consumption is lower when working with the gear 6B and 1650 engine rpm. Operating fuel consumption is lower when working with 6B march 1950 and engine speed

Due to the growth in grain production and intensification of production systems losses are inevitable. The harvest as the last operation performed in the field requires better attention. Although the origins are varied and losses occur both before and during harvesting, approximately 80% of them occur by mechanisms of action of the harvester cutting platform. It is necessary to know the causes of losses, whether physical or physiological operational. Thus, the objective was to conduct a survey of potential losses and / or environmental factors that affect machinery and effectively and should be prioritized in a management program in order to raise the efficiency of harvesting. From the collected data determined if the potential of critical failures through the method of analysis and failure mode effects, using a questionnaire listed with the selected quality indicators. It was concluded that in the mechanical harvesting of cotton harvested product loss and impurity had insusceptible rates be prioritized goals in the management of the production process. While the grain crop (soybean / corn) moisture grain and grain breaks are still the main causes in the loss of quality of the product, stressing the importance of harvesters in improving the characteristics at harvest in order to minimize qualitative grain losses.

Reproductive experience modifies seric concentration of prolactin. In adition, stress is known to modulate this neurohormone release. Taken together, these facts are suggestive of a possible interaction. The objective of the present study was to analyze the influence of acute and prolonged stress on prolactin secretion in nulliparous and experienced rats. Wistar nulliparous (n= 12) and primiparous (n= 12) female rats were submitted to a chronic jugular vein catheterization surgery. Both groups were submitted to acute stress induced by formalin (4%) subcutaneous injection or restrained stress in a PVC tube. One hour stress sessions were performed during proestrous morning. Blood samples were obtained in 2, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after acute or during restrained stress. Seric prolactin concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. The results showed an increased prolactin release at 10 and 15 minutes in primiparous compared to nulliparous during restrained stress (Repeated Measures Anova, F5,15= 9,65; p< 0,001). No differences between groups were observed in prolactin release after formalin injection. In conclusion, we can suggest that prolactin secretory stress response can be modulated by reproductive experience although further studies are necessary to elucidate oestrus cycle and different contribution of stress types.

The gypsum is a soil condition end it has to function contribute to the elimination or reduction of aluminum in the soil in depth. Still, it can contribute to the distribution of nutrients in the soil profile more uniformly and thus increasing the productivity of crops. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of gypsum application, with and without lime, on soil chemical properties and soybean yield, in a no-till system. The experiment was carried in Campos Novos, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, with a randomized block design and split plot design with four replications, the main portion was distributed gypsum doses (1000, 2000, 4000 and 6000 kg ha-1 without incorporation), and the split plot (with and without lime) and the liming was 2,000 kg ha-1. We evaluated the performance of components and productivity of soybeans. It was also analyzed the soil pH and Ca, Mg, S and Al at 0-20 and 20-40 cm. The application of gypsum at the rates tested surface with and without lime did not affect the yield components and soybean productivity. At 0-20 cm soil depth lime application increased soil pH by 0.3 units on the average rates of gypsum, but in the 20-40 cm layer was not found effect of lime and gypsum in pH ground due to the short time between application and evaluation. In areas with and without lime contents of Ca and S in the two layers evaluated increased with increasing rates of gypsum, since Mg has difference with the lime application on a 0-20 cm to dose 4000 kg ha-1 and the lime in the gypsum rates and Al decreased with increasing dose gypsum average in the 20-40 cm layer depth. The application of gypsum and limestone softened the negative effects of soil acidity and the increase mainly of calcium and sulfur at 0-20 cm, with less efficient effects in the 20-40 cm layer due to the soil is clayey and the period between the implementation and evaluation be 120 days.

The European territory is characterized by a strong presence of rural areas. Approximately 52% of the European territory is classified as predominantly rural. In this context, Rural Tourism is one of the key opportunities in terms of potential growth for rural areas, in the wider context of the Sustainable Management and Promotion of Territory activities (Fagioli et al, 2014). In the last two decades, in many European Union member countries, rural tourism is considered as a strategy for the future, which can contribute to economic and social development of local communities, of less favored regions alike, in order to create jobs and reduce migration. At the same time, rural tourism has the advantage that it acts for the purpose of opening new investment prospects. Thus, it must be regarded as an economic activity that contributes to regional development and, consequently, to the overall economic growth

The adoption of management practices that favor the reduction of losses of soil organic matter has become a key factor in the conservation of agricultural land. Thus, evaluating the performance of soil as issuer or carbon kidnapper into the atmosphere by comparing different land use systems can help indicate sustainable systems. This study aimed to evaluate the levels and carbon stocks in areas under different uses in organic system in Bahia's semiarid region. The study was conducted in Chacara Organic Bocaiúva, located in Humble district, Feira de Santana, Bahia. We evaluated four production systems in organic management, namely: (REF) reforestation area (PUP) peach palm cultivation (CAF) coffee growing in alley cropping system and (ACA) area under cultivation of açaí. For comparison it was also evaluated an area under native forest (NF). Soil sampling was conducted in four repetitions at 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm. Total organic carbon was obtained by wet oxidation with an external source of heat. The results show that the different land use in organic production systems contribute to promoting changes in content and carbon storage in the soil. Among these production systems, the peach palm cultivation (PUP) kept the content and soil organic carbon stocks at levels equivalent to the native vegetation system (MN).

The use of bioprotectors in the coating of seeds is increasing, and these become an alternative for the use of chemical fungicides. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of Trichoderma spp., with or without polymerization, in the control of pathogens associated with black oats (Avena strigosa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) seeds of the cultivars 'Comum' (black oats) and BRS Cauê (barley), 2014 crop. After asepsis and dried of the seeds, the treatments were applied, using a dose of 5 mL of Trichoderma spp. kg-1 and 10 mL of seed polymer kg-1 of seeds. Sanity tests; germination; germination and emergency rate index; length of seedling (shoot and root); and fresh and dry weight were performed. The coating of oat and barley seeds with Trichoderma spp. was efficient in the control of pathogens, as well as increased the germination and development of the seedlings for both cultures evaluated.Â

Bovine leptospirosis has often been studied in several Brazilian States due to its importance itself and high herd prevalence. Using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), we sought to determine the frequency of leptospiral agglutinins in sera of cows slaughtered between June and September 2013 in slaughterhouse located in Colíder, northern of Mato Grosso. There were examined 246 to 256 samples according to the availability of serum for all 20 serovars tested. According to the MAT, altogether 102 samples were classified as negative besides 297 positive reactions, as follows: 71 animals reagents only to 1 sorovar and 83 for 2 or more serovars of Leptospira spp. The frequency of positive reactions to sorovar Lagoa was the highest among serovars with 101 occurrences, representing 34% of the total of 297; followed by Bolivia (n = 87, 29.3%) and Australis (n = 30, 10.1%) serovars. In terms of frequency, the 101 positive animals identified by SAM represent 39.8% of the total of 254 animals tested for serovar Lagoa; followed by serovar Bolivia with 35.4% of positivity in 246 sera tested. For serovars Celledoni, Hebdomadis, Norma, Shermani and Szwajizak, no positive reactions were found..

 The species Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers., Fabaceae popularly known as Sesbania or Feijão do Mato, presents potential in the use in areas of afforestation and reforestation forests riparian and degraded areas. The aim of this study was to characterize the biometric of fruits and seeds and determine the germination pattern of the sesbânia seeds. The biometry of the seeds and fruits were established through the characterization of 250 fruits and 500 seeds, which were distributed in frequency classes through position, dispersion and normality measurements. The weight of one thousand seeds (PMS) was determined using eight sub samples of the 100 seeds. For to study of the water absorption curve of the seeds were used two replicates of 100 seeds, it weighed in 32 intervals. In this sense, the biometric fruits aspects of S. virgata presented average values for length, width, thickness, weight and number of seeds per fruit of 5.87 cm, 0.78 cm, 0.58 cm, 0.85 g and 5 units, respectively. In relation to the seeds, the average length, width, thickness and seed weight were 0.623 cm; 0.439 cm; 0.316 cm and 0.075 g, respectively. The water absorption of S. virgata seed imbibition presented triphasic pattern, resembling several species of the same family.

Peppers are indispensable ingredients in the national cuisine, besides being consumed fresh, can be processed and used in several lines of products in the food industry. Pre-germination treatments of vegetable seeds reduce the time between sowing and emergence of seedlings and increase seed tolerance to adverse environmental conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different imbibition times, and different water temperatures, on the quality and speed of germination in chilli pepper seeds. The seeds were submitted to soaking in water previously heated at 30 °C, 60 °C and 90 °C for 15 seconds, 30 seconds and 60 seconds, and then placed in a gerbox with moist germ paper. The gerboxes were kept in greenhouse with luminosity and constant temperature of 23 °C. The design was completely randomized with 10 treatments (3 soaking times x 3 water temperatures + 1 control) and three replications. The seeds were evaluated daily after germination. The temperature of 90 ° C proved to be detrimental to the germination of the seeds, while the other temperatures showed no significant difference. It was concluded that the temperature of 90 ° C may have caused death of the embryo.