A literature revision was realized to evaluate the potencial of DDGS (dried distillers grains with solubles) in diets for nursery pigs. The DDGS are a coproduct from the ethanol production that might be addicioned to suins diet, in order to lower the coasts with food. Were reunied seven articles published in international periodics, that related the effects of DDGS on CMD and GPD. Piglets submiteds to this diet with higher levels of DDGS had worst performance. Significant diferences were found for GPD and CMD for pigs fed with 30% of corn DDGS. Although, a larger inclusion of sorgum DDGS (45%) lead to a lower performance and lower feed efficiency. This variations in the nursery pigs performance might be associated to a variation in the nutritional composition of each DDGS source, soluble amounts added to the wet grain and the time of adaptation of this postweaning pigs to a new kind of alimentation.Â

Predation of seeds by bruquines can affect the development and viability of tree species. The objective of this study was to identify seed predator species of Cassia fistula L. (Fabaceae) used in the urban arborization of Sinop, Mato Grosso, as well as to evaluate the percentage of seed predation in relation to phenological phase and fruit size. One hundred fruits of C. fistula, from ten adult trees, located in the urban perimeter, were evaluated. In the laboratory the fruits were opened and the seeds classified according to their appearance, in healthy or predated. Pygiopachymerus lineola (Chevrolat, 1871) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), was the only species found preying on the seeds of C. fistula. Seed analysis suggests a low level of predation by the insect. The relationship between fruit length and seed predation percentage was not observed and Cassia fistula can be considered a viable species for urban tree growing in Sinop, MT.

Orchids are ornamental plants that stand out by their colors, types, shapes, size, beauty. Additionally, some species have aromas. This diversity of orchids makes it be greatly appreciated as potted plants, landscaping, with high commercial value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of orchids at different levels of fertilization by reusing nutrients added to the culture medium for cultivation in vitro is also analyzing the different times of acclimatization. The micropropagated orchids removed from the growth chamber, were transported to greenhouse composing the different treatments for acclimatization (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days). To be transplanted were placed in pine bark substrate and Sphagnum being placed in trays. After 30 days the seedlings were transplanted to styrofoam trays was initiated plant fertilization weekly with different formulated by administering 5 ml each (1 humic acid, 2nd potassium nitrate (KNO3), 3rd humic acid + Nitrate potassium (KNO3), 4th calcium chloride (CaCl2), 5 ° control). Six months after withdrawal of the growth room the plants was carried out the evaluation of the experiment where the plant survival was evaluated by the number of shoots, number of leaves, the length of the largest leaf and root presence. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 6x5, with the time of acclimatization (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days) the first factor and the second, the type of fertilizer used (4 formulated and the witness) with 8 replicates per treatment. The data were submitted to deviance analysis in the software R. In this study, the need to fertilize with nutrient rich formulations for orchids in the acclimatization phase was contacted and that these should remain for a few days inside the jars in a greenhouse environment.

Acacia mearnsii has great economic importance and representation in the forestry sector. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of two lots of black wattle seeds. The seeds were obtained in Fepagro Forests and Mercosul seeds, respectively in the Santa Maria and Ijuí counties in the Rio Grande do Sul state. For sanity used to detect fungus on potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) and substrate blotter-test (BT). For each test were four replicates of 25 seeds, evaluation, for both health testing was performed observing the fungal structures in stereoscopic and optical microscope. For the germination test, were used 200 seeds of each lot, divided into eight replicates of 25 seeds each, sowing was carried out in previously disinfected gerbox with 70% alcohol and sodium hypochlorite 1%, as substrate was used two filter paper sheets sterilized and moistened with distilled water. Fungi associated with seeds independent of utilized method were Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp., Aspergillus sp. Mercosul’s lot, showed a greater number of healthy seeds on blotter-test (97.5%) and PDA (86%). The fungus with the highest incidence in the two methods compared (PDA and BT) was Cladosporium sp. in the Fepagro’s lot. For germination Mercosul’s lot showed 79.5% differing of Fepagro’s lot which showed 26.5%.

The stink bug Euschistus heros attacks several crops of grains and fiber the state of Mato Grosso, which may cause severe damage to the productivity and quality of the seeds/plume. The repeated use of molecules with the same mode of action to control this insect favors selecting individual resistant individuals to insecticides. Aiming to evaluate the susceptibility of E. heros to the insecticides molecules thiamethoxan, imidacloprid, betacyfluthrin and lambdacyhalothrin populations from Sinop, Nova Mutum and Rondonopolis were collected. Susceptibility curve in a laboratory susceptible population was determined in order to establish diagnostic doses (CL95) to monitor the susceptibility of populations of E. heros to the insecticides molecules. Regarding the toxicity of the assayed molecules, thiamethoxam was the most toxic to E. heros, while the betacyfluthrin had the lowest toxicity (68 fold lower than thiametoxam). As result of the bioassays, we concluded that all populations tested behaved as susceptible to the tested molecules.

The phosphorus fertilization is necessary so that the soil is able to offer ideal conditions for the development of plants. However, phosphate fertilizers differ in their origin, residual effect and efficiency in the availability of nutrients in the soil. The objective was to characterize the origin and sustainability of major mineral and organic phosphate fertilizers, in order to meet the real need for fertilization for some annual crops of commercial interest. Phosphate fertilizers are classified into soluble and natural mineral fertilizers and organic fertilizers. The soluble mineral fertilizers have the major advantage of immediate availability of phosphorus when applied to the soil, and then give quickly the needed for phosphorus to the plants. However they are the main problem the rapid fixing of phosphorus available for adsorption sites, which greatly reduces the residual effect. Thus it has been used natural phosphates that are able to provide nutrient for a longer time because they present more gradual reaction in the soil. However, the problem to have low solubility in soil with high pH H2O (> 5.5). As a strategy, the thermophosphates can be applied, natural fertilizers heat-treatment, which increases efficiency, in addition to having greater residual effect soluble fertilizers. However, mineral fertilizers have as main problem the high cost, which reduces the profitability of the crop. Thus, the strategy employed in agriculture may be from the application of organic fertilizers capable of supplying phosphorus and other nutrients, to ensure a more complete fertilization. Also, they have greater residual effect, which can be an important way of fertilization mainly in clayey soils.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the different substrates in the germination potential of safflower seeds. A completely randomized design was used, with five substrates: paper roll, between paper, on paper; Between sand and sand. Seeds of two safflower cultivars were used, with four replicates of 50 seeds each. It was evaluated: percentage of germination (GER); First germination count (GPC); Germination speed index (IVG); Mean germination time (TMG); Percentage of dead seeds (SM); Length of seedling (CP); Root length (CR) and shoot length (CPA). The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test, at 5% probability, using the statistical program SISVAR 5.1. It was observed that: the germination (G) of the safflower seeds did not differ between any of the substrates, varying between 77.5% and 85.25%; For the first germination count (PCG), mean germination time (TMG), germination velocity index (IVG) and root length (CR), the best substrates were between paper, paper and sand; And the substrates between paper and sand obtained better results for seedling length and shoot length.

The use of techniques of micropropagation have been used in order to improve the production of better-quality seedlings, which enables production of a larger number of plants in a short period of time, in addition to preventing the spread of plant disease. The objective of this study was to evaluated the effectiveness of phytohormones production by bacteria in promoting plant growth promotion in micropropagated banana seedlings. The may was conducted in wing seedlings for 60 days after the lab transfer to the greenhouse, in the controlled growing conditions, watering them daily. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of 26 treatments (25 strains and witness). After 60 days the seedlings were cut separating the shoot and root accommodated in paper bags for further evaluation. We evaluated the shoot height (PA Height), root length (length R), fresh weight of shoots (PA Fresh Weight), fresh root weight (weight fresh R), dry weight of shoots (Weight fresh PA) and dry root weight (Dry Weight R). The plant growth promotion micropropagated banana plantlets using bacterial promoters phytohormones showed significant differences in fresh weight and dry weight of roots of seedlings, conferred by S12 strain.

The pyrogenic carbon, recently termed "Biochar" is quite a way stable of soil organic matter (SOM) and assists in their cationic exchange capacity (CEC), it can act as nutritional conditioning factor in forest crops. Due to the high demand for forest products, eucalyptus has been gaining attention in the Cerrado region, which has been seen with a frontier silvicultural, especially in areas of degraded pasture. This work aimed to evaluate the productive responses of Eucalyptus urograndis Biochar application in the planting hole seeking new technical recommendations for use of Biochar in this culture. The work was developed in the experimental area of the University of the State of Mato Grosso, campus of Nova Xavantina - MT, December 2012 to April 2013. The adopted experimental design in blocks at random with five treatments, represented by the doses of biochar: 0 kg, 0.5 kg, 1 kg, 2 kg and 4 kg incorporated into the hole with four replications, totaling 20 plots, each containing 12 plants each. For evaluation criteria, a useful parcel was composed of five plants. Were also measured the percentage of mortality, length of lateral branches, height and diameter of plants. The application of biochar to the planting hole time increased moderate to low development of the eucalypts plants, probably because of plant roots quickly extrapolating the radius of hole and so does not that depend more on their environment for mineral nutrition. These results indicate that new ways of handling the product must be tested, like the incorporation in the whole area of cultivation, instead only in the pits.Â

The objective of that of this work valued different doses of Nitrogen (N) at hybrids of Brachiaria for a better development of the plant. The experiment was carried out in the Farm School UNIVAR, located in Barra do Garças – MT. The N in the urea format was applied in covering, in the 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg doses / it has. The delineation was in Blocks Casualisados in scheme fatorial, when an analysis is happening of variância (Test F p <0,05) with subsequent test of comparison of averages (Test of Tukey p <0,05). They were made treatment 4 repetitions and 10, the period of evaluation of the foraging ones was of five months and the samples were collected to the 15 cm height above the ground. The evaluated variables were a height, natural matter, dry matter, organic matter and mineral matter, being which height and natural matter presented results with significant differences between both Hybrids in study, being Brachiaria Convert HD 364 and Mavuno. Open to question of height and natural matter the Hybrid Mavuno, he presented superior result when likened to Hybrid Convert HD 364, already in the evaluations of dry matter, organic matter and mineral matter, both obtained similar results. The difference in the dosages applied was that the Mavuno with dose below 90 kg N/ha had a better answer, the Convert HD 364 only had already resulted with dose above 100 kg N/ha.