An experiment was conducted during the rainy season (kharif) of 2016 at Barapani, Meghalaya, to study the influence of promising rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties and nutrient-management practices on plant nutrient acquisition and soil fertility. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design, replicated thrice, consisting 12 treatment combinations, viz. 4 nutrient-management practices [100% organic, 100% inorganic recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), integrated nutrient management (INM) (50% RDF + 50% FYM) and control] in main plot, and 3 promising rice varieties [‘Shahsarang 1’, ‘Lumpnah’ and ‘Megha’ Semi-Aromatic 2′] in subplots. The results showed that rice grain yield was significantly higher in INM practice, followed by inorganic and organic practice. Among the varieties, grain yield was significantly higher in ‘Shahsarang 1’ followed by ‘Lumpnah’ and ‘Megha’ SA 2. The INM practice also resulted in highest Fe, Mn, Cu content in rice grains, while the organic practice showed the highest grain Zn. Among the varieties, ‘Megha SA 2’ had highest grain Fe, Mn and Zn content, while ‘Shahsarang 1’ exhibited the highest grain Cu. Micronutrient uptake in rice grains followed the similar trend as that of nutrient-management practices and rice varieties. There was an improvement in available NPK over initial status with higher available NPK in INM practice and higher soil organic carbon in organic practice.

Potassium (K) deficiency in soil restricts the production of sugarcane in major planting areas. To investigate the responses of sugarcane varieties to K-deficiency stress, the growth, root parameters, and nutrient-use efficiency of sugarcane varieties were compared using sand cultures. K deficiency inhibited the growth of sugarcane. Two hybrid sugarcane varieties, namely YC10–29 and YC10–65, exhibited greater tolerance to K-deficiency stress. The weight, length, surface area, and volume of root showed 30.49%, 15.91%, 20.02%, and 24.26% reductions, respectively, in ROC22 under K-deficiency stress, but increased in the other five varieties. YC10–65 accumulated 2.03 times more nitrogen (N) in the roots than did the plants under normal conditions. Significant increases for N and phosphorous (P) utilization efficiencies were detected in YC10–65 under K-deficiency stress. Correlations between nutrient efficiency and root morphology revealed that modifications to root morphology in response to K deficiency may help improve the nutrient efficiency and the K-deficiency tolerance of sugarcane.

The effect of five nutrient management practices on the yield and yield attributes, nutrient uptake and rain water use efficiency in four greengram varieties (Dhauli, Pusa-9531, OBGG-52 and Nayagarh Local) in rainfed upland inceptisol with sandy-loam soil was studied in factorial RBD with three replications during Kharif 2009 to 2012. Significant variety × nutrient interaction was observed withrespect to seed yield, nodulation and otheryieldattributing characters. Based on the mean data over four years (2009–2012), highest seed yield of 5.84 q ha⁻¹ was observed in Pusa 9531 with lime+50% organic+ 50% inorganic treatment followed by Dhauli (5.53 q ha⁻¹) with the same nutrient treatment. Highest RWUE was found in Lime + 50% organic + 50% inorganic treatment in all the varieties followed by 100% organic treatment in Dhauli, Pusa-9531 and OBGG-52 but in 50% organic + 50% inorganic treatment in case of Nayagarh Local. The uptake of N, P and K was also observed to be the highest in Lime + 50% organic + 50% inorganic treatment in all the varieties.

In the conditions of the trial we studied the effect of nitrogen nutrition and seeding rate on the formation of density of plant stand and productivity of new rice varieties. It has been determined that according to the varieties and nutrient status the increase of the seeding rate from 5 to 7 ml of germinating kernels per hectare results in the improvement of density of plant stand on 39.7%. The further increase of the seeding rate from 7 to 9 ml of germinating kernels per hectare results in the improvement of density of plant stand only on 22.7%. With the increase of the seeding rate the varieties ‘Patriot’ and ‘Istok’ produced the largest increase of the density of plant stand on the average (N92 P50 ) and higher (N138 P50 ) nutrient statuses, the variety ‘Istok’ gave the largest increase on the highest status (N174 P50 ). With this regard, the varieties ‘Kazachok-4’, ‘Orion’ and ‘Patriot’ possess the better rates of growth. The increase of nitrogen dose from 92 to 138 kg/ha gave a maximum increase of productivity to the variety ‘Natasha’ (on 17.3%) and the increase of nitrogen dose from 138 to 174 kg/ha gave a maximum increase of productivity to the variety ‘Dozhdik’ (on 15.1%), while the productivity increase of the varieties on average was 4.2 and 10.0% respectively. The varieties ‘Dozhdik’, ‘Orion’ and ‘Patriot’ have been found responsive to the increase of seeding rate; the varieties ‘Natasha’, ‘Dozhdik’, ‘Orion’ and ‘Kazachok-4’ have been found responsive to a high level of nitrogen nutrition. The varieties ‘Istok’ and ‘Partner’ produce the largest yields on the average nutrient status, the variety ‘Orion’ gives the best productivity on the higher and high statuses.

In the conditions of the trial we studied the effect of nitrogen nutrition and seeding rate on the formation of density of plant stand and productivity of new rice varieties. It has been determined that according to the varieties and nutrient status the increase of the seeding rate from 5 to 7 ml of germinating kernels per hectare results in the improvement of density of plant stand on 39.7%. The further increase of the seeding rate from 7 to 9 ml of germinating kernels per hectare results in the improvement of density of plant stand only on 22.7%. With the increase of the seeding rate the varieties ‘Patriot’ and ‘Istok’ produced the largest increase of the density of plant stand on the average (N92 P50 ) and higher (N138 P50 ) nutrient statuses, the variety ‘Istok’ gave the largest increase on the highest status (N174 P50 ). With this regard, the varieties ‘Kazachok-4’, ‘Orion’ and ‘Patriot’ possess the better rates of growth. The increase of nitrogen dose from 92 to 138 kg/ha gave a maximum increase of productivity to the variety ‘Natasha’ (on 17.3%) and the increase of nitrogen dose from 138 to 174 kg/ha gave a maximum increase of productivity to the variety ‘Dozhdik’ (on 15.1%), while the productivity increase of the varieties on average was 4.2 and 10.0% respectively. The varieties ‘Dozhdik’, ‘Orion’ and ‘Patriot’ have been found responsive to the increase of seeding rate; the varieties ‘Natasha’, ‘Dozhdik’, ‘Orion’ and ‘Kazachok-4’ have been found responsive to a high level of nitrogen nutrition. The varieties ‘Istok’ and ‘Partner’ produce the largest yields on the average nutrient status, the variety ‘Orion’ gives the best productivity on the higher and high statuses.

ABSTRACT: Determining nutrient uptake and accumulation rates by cotton crops is important to define management strategies, especially for transgenic varieties, which are cultivated using high-technology approaches that require substantial investment to maximize yield. Currently in Brazil, the states of Bahia and Mato Grosso are responsible for 84.4 % of the total cotton growing area. In the present study, two trials were conducted in 2013, one that involved planting FM 940 GLT, FM 980 GLT, and FM 913 GLT varieties in the state of Bahia and the other which involved FM 940 GLT and FM 980 GLT varieties in the state of Mato Grosso. The aim of the two trials was to represent the two regions that currently encompass the largest areas of cotton cultivation. Tissue samples, consisting of leaves, stems, and reproductive components, were collected eleven times during the crop cycle for determination of nutrient content and shoot dry matter. After weighing, plant tissue samples were dried and ground to determine nutrient contents. Because there were no overall differences in nutrient contents and biomass accumulation of the varieties during the crop cycle, we undertook joint analysis of the data from all varieties at each site. Favorable climatic conditions in Bahia promoted plant biomass production that was twice as much as plants grown in Mato Grosso, with cotton yields of 6.2 and 3.8 t ha−1 of lint and seed, respectively. The maximum nutrient accumulation occurred between 137-150 days after emergence (DAE) for N; 143-148 for P; 172-185 for K; 100 for Ca; 144-149 for Mg; and 153-158 for S. Maximum uptake ranged from 218-362 kg ha−1 N; 26-53 kg ha−1 P; 233-506 kg ha−1 K; 91-202 kg ha−1 Ca; 28-44 kg ha−1 Mg; and 19-61 kg ha−1 S. On average, the sites revealed nutrient export of 14, 2, 23, 3, 2, and 2 kg t−1 of lint and seed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively, with little variation among sites. Extraction of nutrients per area by cotton vary among sites, but nutritional requirement of cotton per unit of lint and seeds is similar independently of yield potential.

ABSTRACT: Determining nutrient uptake and accumulation rates by cotton crops is important to define management strategies, especially for transgenic varieties, which are cultivated using high-technology approaches that require substantial investment to maximize yield. Currently in Brazil, the states of Bahia and Mato Grosso are responsible for 84.4 % of the total cotton growing area. In the present study, two trials were conducted in 2013, one that involved planting FM 940 GLT, FM 980 GLT, and FM 913 GLT varieties in the state of Bahia and the other which involved FM 940 GLT and FM 980 GLT varieties in the state of Mato Grosso. The aim of the two trials was to represent the two regions that currently encompass the largest areas of cotton cultivation. Tissue samples, consisting of leaves, stems, and reproductive components, were collected eleven times during the crop cycle for determination of nutrient content and shoot dry matter. After weighing, plant tissue samples were dried and ground to determine nutrient contents. Because there were no overall differences in nutrient contents and biomass accumulation of the varieties during the crop cycle, we undertook joint analysis of the data from all varieties at each site. Favorable climatic conditions in Bahia promoted plant biomass production that was twice as much as plants grown in Mato Grosso, with cotton yields of 6.2 and 3.8 t ha−1 of lint and seed, respectively. The maximum nutrient accumulation occurred between 137-150 days after emergence (DAE) for N; 143-148 for P; 172-185 for K; 100 for Ca; 144-149 for Mg; and 153-158 for S. Maximum uptake ranged from 218-362 kg ha−1 N; 26-53 kg ha−1 P; 233-506 kg ha−1 K; 91-202 kg ha−1 Ca; 28-44 kg ha−1 Mg; and 19-61 kg ha−1 S. On average, the sites revealed nutrient export of 14, 2, 23, 3, 2, and 2 kg t−1 of lint and seed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively, with little variation among sites. Extraction of nutrients per area by cotton vary among sites, but nutritional requirement of cotton per unit of lint and seeds is similar independently of yield potential.

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of nutrient level and biofertilizer on yield and quality of multicut fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three multicut fodder sorghum varieties (CSH 20MF, CSH 24MF and CO(FS) 29) in the main plot and five levelsof nutrients (Control, N90P40, N90P40 + BF, N60P40 + BF and N30P20 + biofertilizer (BF)) as subplot treatments with three replications. The higher green fodder yield was obtained with CO(FS)29 variety at N90P40 + BF nutrient level. Among the varieties, maximum DM contents (25.34%) and yield (212.76 q/ha) were obtained for variety CO(FS)29 while in respect to nutrient level, the highest DM content (24.74%) and yield (158.44 q/ha) were recorded with N90P40 + BF level of fertilization. The CP and EE level of three cuts was at par with respect to varieties while the maximum yield was found for variety CO(FS)29. The highest CP and EE content (8.37 and 2.37%, respectively) was obtained at N90P40 + BF. Total ash content was higher by 16.93 and 20.38, 62.68% and 56.15% in variety CO(FS)29 over CSH 24MF and CSH 20MF, respectively. Among nutrient levels, higher total ash (10.76%) was estimated at N90P40 + BF level. The total carbohydrate and cell soluble content was recorded highest in control and N90P40 + BF, respectively, While higher NDF and ADF content was estimated in CSH 20MF and CO(FS)29 variety, respectively over control treatment. CO (FS)29 was the most promising because of higher green fodder, dry matter and nutrient yield than CSH 20MF and CSH 24MF.

Increasing the amount of nutrients in plant-based foods will help to improve the nutritional status of people in the World. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) as a staple food in developing countries has the potential to provide many nutrients in human diets. The objective of this study was to characterize the nutrient concentrations in leaf, pod, and seed of faba bean varieties. A field study was conducted with six faba bean varieties. Variation in the elemental concentrations of nutrients and protein occurred among varieties and different parts of the plants. The highest concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, or copper and protein were in the seeds. However, the highest accumulation of calcium, magnesium, iron, or manganese was in the leaves. We recommend that faba bean can be considered as a valuable crop in the diet of nutrient-deficient consumers due to high concentration nutrients in edible parts of the plant.

This study has been conducted with the aim to determine the type of nutrient medium that can be used in micropropagation studies for ‘Öküzgözü’ and ‘Boğazkere’ and to specify BAP concentrations. In the study where ejectors with a length of 0.7–0.8 cm that are obtained with single-node culture are used, it was focused on four different nutrient media such as MS, DKW, QL and WPM and on six different concentrations such as 0.2–0.4–0.6–0.8–1.0–1.5 mg l⁻¹ BAP. Single-node suspension explants which will be used in initiating the culture, are taken into culture in MS nutrient medium and the nutrient medium is supported with 30 g l⁻¹ sucrose, 6 g l⁻¹ agar and 1 mg l⁻¹ BAP. In the trial environment, parameters such as number of shoots, shoot length (cm), number of nodes and callus ratio have been investigated. For both grape varieties, the best outcome was obtained with MS nutrient medium with respect to number of shoots, shoot length, and number of nodes. These values were found as 4.66, 1.24 and 6.39 for ‘Öküzgözü’ variety respectively, whereas they are determined as 6.28, 1.15 and 6.81 for ‘Boğazkere’ variety respectively. In both grape varieties in DKW nutrient medium, starting from the 2nd week of culture, obscuration began to appear on the shoots and after this stage no other development has taken place.