Water extraction patterns, water use and yield of ten upland crops following rainfed lowland rice in the tropics [Philippines]
1987
Pandey, R.K. | Morris, R.A. | Whisler, F.D. (International Rice Research Inst., Los Banos, Laguna (Philippines). Rice Farming Systems Program)
Sizeable rainfed-lowland areas remain fallow after harvest of rice. Growing upland crops can increase income and employment opportunity in the dry season. Ten upland crops- corn (Zea mays L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), mungbean (Vigna radiata Wilczek), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr), peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) (Millsp.)) were grown under rainfed conditions on Aguept Tropudalf silty clay soil after rainfed lowland rice at the research farm of the International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. This was done in order to evaluate the potential to intensify crop productivity in rice based cropping systems. Measurements were made on total dry matter, economic yield, plant water status, canopy temperature and water use. On day 61, sweet potato, peanut and pigeon pea had cooler canopy temperatures than mungbean and soybean while in the cereals, sorghum and corn had cooler canopy than wheat and pearl millet at the time. Among the legumes, pigeonpea, peanut, and cowpea extracted larger amounts of soil water and produced higher yields than soybean and mungbean. Among the cereals, corn and sorghum extracted more soil water and produced 1.9 t higher yield than wheat. While pearl millet gave 1.2 t yield than wheat, differences in water extraction were primarily due to depth of rooting as well as their abilities to extract soil water within the root zone. Biological productivity of the seven rainfed C3 crops was linearly related to evapotranspiration. Water use efficiency on a glucose equivalent basis was almost two times higher for C4 crops than those for C3 crops.
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