Tolerance of mungbean, peanut, soybean and corn to acid soil conditions in the Philippines
1989
Samonte, H.P. | Ocampo, A.M. (Philippines Univ., Los Banos, College, Laguna (Philippines). Inst. of Plant Breeding)
Extensive areas of upland soils with pH less than 5.5 exist. It is generally difficult to produce high yields of mungbean, peanut, soybean and corn on these soils especially those with extreme to very strong acidity. This is attributed to the occurrence of acid soil infertility factors and sensitivity of cultivars to these constraints. Different cultivars, breeding lines and accessions of mungbean, peanut, soybean and corn were screened on unlimed, limed and aluminum-treated plots using naturally acid soils or on a soil with induced acidity. The emphasis in the selection process was made on high relative and high absolute yields. Materials that can adapt to the acidity constraints of different sites were generally preferred. The following genotypes were observed to consistently have greater tolerance and higher yields under strongly acidic conditions. Mungbean - IPB M79-17-91, IPB M79-25-106, IPB M79-11-95, IPB M79-19-102, IPB M79-14-16, IPB M79-4-91, IPB M83-18-19, IPB M82-6-8, IPB M82-22-2, IPB M82-21-28. Peanut - IPB Pn 24-2, IPB Pn 24-6, BPI P9, IPB Pn 24-3, UPL Pn-4, UPL Pn-2, RLR S1, Acc 25. Soybean - CES Sy 152-51, CES Sy-148-36, CES Sy 154-21. Corn - SMC 203, IPB Var 1, Suwan 1, Guadaloupe 3, SMC 305, Pioneer 6181. These selected genotypes were used in breeding programs for acid tolerance or these can be used immediately by farmers on areas where they were tested. The simultaneous identification of some intolerant genotypes during the screening process will be useful in future studies on the morphological, nutritional and other chemical characteristics of contrasting genotypes under local acid soil environment.
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