Rice varietal improvement in Egypt
1989
Balal, M.S. (Field Crops Research Inst., Giza (Egypt). Agricultural Research Center)
Rice breeding research in Egypt has been accelerated in the recent past, to overcome the disadvantages of the most widely grown varieties, Giza 171 and Giza 172. The objective of the current breeding program is to develop high-yielding semidwarf varieties that combines resistance to blast and stem borers with early maturity, improved grain quality, and tolerance for soil salinity. Recent achievements in varietal improvement, since the blast outbreak in 1984, are: a) identification of diverse donor sources for blast resistance; b) identification of six promising strains: IR1626-203, GZ1108-4-1, GZ1368-5-4, GZ1394-10-1, GZ2175-5-6, and IR19743-46; c) release of two new varieties for general cultivation from 1987; short-grain Giza 175 (GZ1394-10-1) and long-grain Giza 191 (IR1626-203). Future strategies are discussed, with major emphasis on improving the present breeding approaches and utilizing innovative ones such as tissue culture techniques and heterosis breeding.
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