Land and soil protection and mineral excavation with special reference to Estonia
1994
Raukas, A. (Estonian Acad. of Sciences, Tallinn (Estonia). Inst. of Geology)
Estonia is rich in different mineral resources (oil shales, alum shales, phosphorite, peat, sand and gravel, clay, limestone and dolomite, curative mud, mineral water a.o.), the mining of which has caused severe environmental damage. As a result of mining activities both air and water are highly polluted, natural landscapes and soil cover have been spoilt in about 8 per cent of the republic's territory. Protecting the mineral wealth we must ensure that depletive mining is carried out with minimal losses, the resources are utilized rationally and that processing waste is disposed appropriately. Drawing up recommendations for land and soil improvement is one of the most urgent tasks in the present-day Estonia. Considerable reduction in the exploitation of mineral resources since the reindependency of the Republic and introduction of new technologies together with economic measures inspire us with hope that the ecological situation will improve in the years to come.
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