Investigation of soil productivity in the plain of Chrysoupolis
1988
Sachampi, A. (Institute N. Kanellopoulos, Piraeus (Greece))
This paper is an abstract of the unpublished soil survey report concerning soil investigation and mapping (1:50,000) in the plain of Chrysoupolis (Northern Greece). The plain with an area of 350-400 km2 was created by the tectonic movements of the quarternary era and subsequent filling by rivebon sediments, primarily those of Nesto. The climate of the studied area falls within the warm continental moist mediterranean class of Papadakis climate classification. Mean annual temperature and precipitation is 14 deg C and 600 mm respectively. The surface morphology of the plain, with an elevation difference from the see level between 2 and 15 m within a distance of 15-20 km, can be characterized as level. The parent materials are, coarse-textured, very young sediments. They are derived, in the most cases, from the metamorphic rocks like schists and gneises. Due to the young age of the soil-forming materials and drastic activities of man the soils existed here are also very young. They belong to the Entisols and more concretely to the Xeropsamments, Xerofluvents and Halaquents (according to Coover et al 1975). These subgroups are subdivided again to 37 mapping units in family level (see published soil map 1:50,000). The productivity level of the soils is limited by unfavorable climatic (unadequate water supply of crops by precipitation) and soil (low content in clay, organic matter, nitrogen, in some cases potassium, boron and zinc and high concentration of salts or exchangeable sodium in soils border the see) conditions. Proper use of fertilizer adequate water supply of crops by irrigation and amelioration of saline and socid soils are the most important measures of most successful crop production in this area.
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