Studies on the semi-intensive orcharding system of apple [Malus pumila] trees on Malus prunifolia rootstock, 6: Typhoon damage to apple trees as affected by training system and scion-rootstock combination
1994
Shiozaki, Y. (Hirosaki Univ., Aomori (Japan). Faculty of Agriculture)
The damage to apple trees caused by five typhoons which passed over Aomori prefecture during the 1981-1991 period was determined in the experimental orchard of Hirosaki University. The central leader trees had been trained by HU (Hirosaki University) Central Leader Method and planted at 5m x 3.5m. The open-center trees had been trained by the traditional Japanese system, planted at 9m x 9m, and had flat canopies. 1) There were no differences in the percent number of fallen apples caused by the typhoons between the central leader and open-center "Fuji" tree both of which grown on M. prunifolia (Marubakaido) rootstock. This was also the case with an extremely strong typhoon in 1991. 2) The central leader trees of "Fuji" and "Mutsu" grown on Marubakaido rootstock were never moved out of the upright position by the extremely strong wind in 1991 without stakes to support them. On the other hand, a large proportion of the trees grown on M. 26 or M. 7 rootstocks were leaned in spite of wood stakes supporting individual trees. Some of those trees were hit so hard that restoration was impossible. The difference in the resistance to the wind damage between different scion-rootstock combinations seemed to have been associated with the root system development
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