Control of aflatoxin-forming fungi using ammonia on corn and copra
1993
Garcia, R.P. | Pantua, M.V. (Philippines Univ., Los Banos, College, Laguna (Philippines). National Crop Protection Center)
The efficacy of the different forms and concentrations of ammonia against Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus was tested in vitro by inoculating the two fungi on agar and broth media infused with 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 percent ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) and ammonium sulfate [(NH3)2SO4] to determine the effect on growth, sporulation, spore germination and aflatoxin production. Result showed that NH4OH was more effective in inhibiting growth, sporulation and conidial germination, than ((NH3)2SO4), hence, the former was prioritized in further tests. Neither A. flavus nor A. parasiticus exhibited any apparent growth in agar and broth with 2.0 percent NH4OH. Aflatoxin was not detected on broth treated with 0.1 percent NH4OH while the control A. flavus and A. parasiticus produced 100 ppb and 25 ppb aflatoxin, respectively. Corn seeds and copra cubes were inoculated with agar discs spores of A. parasiticus and treated with 1.0 and 2.0 percent NH4OH. To test the protective and therapeutic effects of the fungicide, some grains and copra cubes were treated with NH4OH two days before and after inoculation, respectively, and stored for six months. Corn seeds and copra cubes protectively treated with 2.0 percent NH4OH significantly lower A. parasiticus infection, no aflatoxin was detected until 6 months of storage and seed germination of corn was higher compared with the other treatments and the control
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