Environmental and socio-economic impacts of selected farming systems in the Quiadit River Watershed in Batac, Ilocos Norte [Philippines]
1994
Caluya, M.P.
An in-depth study of the 3 dominant farming systems; FS1 (rice-tobacco-corn + livestock and poultry), FS2 (rice-tobacco/garlic-corn + livestock and poultry) and FS3 (rice-tobacco-fallow + livestock and poultry) showed that cropping pattern was dependent on the availability of water. Majority of the respondents were share tenants tilling an average of 0.75 ha which are in scattered small parcels, 2-200 m away from their residence and from the river. Respondents in FS1, FS2 and FS3 had an average age of 44, 45, and 44 years, respectively. On the average, each farm household had 5 members. Each farmer in all the 3 farming systems were farming for an average of 21 years. All had formal schooling with majority reaching elementary level only. On a per hectare basis, FS3 had the highest net farm profit. Observed and/or perceived environmental impacts of existing technologies revealed that the continuous use of high yielding varieties resulted to rapid depletion of soil nutrients and occurrence of many kinds of plant pests and diseases. The effects of the degradation of the physical environment, aggravated by the natural climatic condition, are manifested in the crop and animal production. The available cash for external inputs at the right time also imposed problems to the crop and animal component
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