Contaminants in fish and shellfish products
1990
Ackefors, H. (Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Zoology) | Hilge, V. | Linden, O.
This paper is a review of the contamination of fish and shellfish products by heavy metals, halogenated hydrocarbons, petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans together with radioactive substances. Furthermore, the Chernobyl accident and its consequences on aquatic biota in Sweden are described. In addition, the effect of toxic algal blooms and bacterial and viral pathogens in fish and shellfish are reviewed. Comparisons are made between levels in cultivated and wild organisms. Heavy metals are accumulated more in shellfish than in fish species from sea areas. In freshwater, the concentration of heavy metals in fish may be very high. Halogenated hydrocarbons as DDT and PCB are accumulated in marine fish and freshwater fish species as well. Dioxins and dibenzofurans are accumulated especially in fat fish and shellfish species in coastal areas with industriel activities. The accumulation of radionuclides has increased, especially in freshwater fishes, after the Chernobyl accident. In certain areas, fish cannot be consumed due to the high content of caesium-137. Toxic algal blooms are temporary a great problem in certain coastal areas especially with regard to the consomption of shellfish. Bacterial and viral pathogens are spread to fish and shellfish due to insufficient treatment of sewage. Hepatitis, gastroenteritis, meningitis, and other diseases are transferred via the consumption of fish and shellfish in certain areas. Cultivated organisms have in most cases much lower concentrations of contaminants than wild organisms. Hundreds of chemicals are used as therapeutics, disinfectants, pesticides, hormones, dyes by farmers in aquaculture.
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