Resistance selection on mutant of banana cv. Ambon Kuning against Fusarium wilt

Inglés. This research was conducted in order to study the occurrence of mutation on irradiated plantlets and their resistance of plants of banana cv. Ambon Kuning against Fusarium wilt. Plantlets of banana cv. Ambon Kuning sized 5 cm were exposed to gamma rays at the doses 5-35 Gy with 5 Gy intervals, then were subcultured for obtained M1V5 plantlets. More over, the plantlets were aclimatized and were planted in the field where the soil was already infected by Fusarium oxysporum f. cubense (FOC). The result indicated that irradiated plantlets of the doses 20-35 Gy were not able to survive up to 6 months after exposing to gamma rays. Abnormalities of M1V5 plantlets originated from irradiated plantlets at the doses 10 and 15 Gy were shown on rossette plantlets with rigid and dark green leaves, and the formation of smooth mass morphologically shaped like callus. The appearance of plant height and number of suckers of M1V5 plants in the field was quite various. The number of survival plants after 8 months planting was 8, 7, 15 and 28, respectively originated from untreated plants and irradiated plantlets at the doses 5, 10 and 15 Gy. After one year planting, only 2 plants were able to survive from irradiated plantlet at the dose 15 Gy. These plants could produce 27 plantlets obtained from culturing their shoot tips. Further study of these plantlets was needed in order to create the stability of their resistance to FOC

Indonesio. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari terjadinya mutasi pada planlet dan resistensi tanaman pisang Ambon Kuning hasil radiasi terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium. Planlet pisang Ambon Kuning yang berukuran 5 cm diradiasi dengan sinar gamma pada dosis 5-35 Gy dengan interval 5 Gy, kemudian disubkultur hingga diperoleh planlet M1V5. Planlet M1V5 diaklimatisasi dan selanjutnya ditanam di lapang yang terinfeksi Fusarium oxysporum f. cubense (FOC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa planlet yang diradiasi dengan dosis 20-35 Gy tidak dapat bertahan hidup hingga 6 bulan setelah radiasi. Abnormalitas planlet M1V5 hasil radiasi 10 dan 15 Gy ditunjukkan pada tanaman yang berbentuk roset, berdaun kaku dan berwarna hijau tua serta terbentuknya masa halus yang bentuknya menyerupai kalus. Penampilan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan anakan tanaman M1V5 di lapang cukup beragam. Jumlah tanaman yang mampu bertahan hingga 8 bulan setelah penanaman di lapang adalah 8, 7, 15 dan 28, berturut-turut berasal dari planlet yang tidak diradiasi, dan yang diradiasi dengan dosis 5, 10 dan 15 Gy. Satu tahun setelah penanaman di lapang, hanya 2 tanaman yang berasal dari planlet yang diradiasi dengan dosis 15 Gy dapat bertahan. Dari tanaman tersebut diperoleh 27 planlet dan perlu pengujian lebih lanjut untuk mendapatkan ketahanan yang stabil terhadap FOC