Soil water use and bulk density as affected by tillage and fertilizer in rainfed wheat production system
2000
Gill, S.M. | Akhtar, M.S. | Saeed, Z. (National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad (Pakistan). Land Resources Research Inst.)
The study on conventional cultivator, moldboard, and subsoiling as tillage methods combined with organic and mineral fertilizers demonstrates effect on wheat yield, soil physical properties, and soil water use. Moldboard tillage resulted greater bio-mass and grain yield than conventional cultivator. Increase in grain yield with moldboard plowing was 18% greater than that of cultivator plowing. Also, grain to straw ratio was greater with moldboard than that of cultivator and subsoiling. Biomass and grain yield with farmyard manure was similar to that with 200 kg N ha(-1) but it had the highest grain:straw ratio. Different tillage operations changed soil bulk density to their tilling depth and farmyard manure decreased bulk density only in the surface horizon. Specifically, in 0 to 15 cm depth, moldboard resulted in the lowest bulk density and the subsoiling resulted in the highest bulk density. Soil water did not vary with tillage. During the growth period rainfall was 400 mm and crop water requirement was 385 mm. The decrease in soil water from 160 plus-minus 5 to 140 plus-minus 5 mm in the presence of greater rains than the water requirement suggested an overall runoff from the field. Soil water content in the profile remained between suction rang of 0.3 bar and 10 bars. Since moldboard had to support a greater biomass and, consequently, greater evapotranspirative demand, therefore, water intake in moldboard appeared to be greater than that of conventional tillage.
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