National and regional perspectives on aquatic genetic resources in Latin America
1999
Neira, R. | Bustos, E. | Avila, M. (University of Chile, P.O. Box 1004, Santiago (Chile). Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences)
Latin American countries in general do not have laws, regulations or protocols focused on the conservation of aquatic genetic resources. The situation regarding the roles of the different institutions, relative to the conservation and use of natural resources, varies considerably. Overlapping of institutional roles is common. The issues of conservation and management of genetic variability of aquatic resources are new in this continent. Strategies of resource conservation have been developed only in severe cases of overexploitation that have endangered the resource, and these consider conservation only at the species level, not genetic variability. The Chilean case is discussed in some detail, as a case where aquaculture is growing fast. The issue of conservation of aquatic genetic resources is analyzed within the context of the important effects of the recent development of aquaculture, at the national and regional levels. Aquaculture is regarded as an animal production activity in which it is recognized that it is essential to elaborate the concept of sustainable use of aquatic genetic resources, along with the notion of sustainable aquaculture, such that the latter can contribute directly to the conservation of these resources. Intensive aquaculture should be carried out away from natural populations. This will require artificial control of the complete life cycle of the farmed organisms
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