Postharvest loss assessment of rice and corn
1999
Maranan, C.L. | Paz, R.R. | Cachuela, R.C. | Sabio, G. | Duran, H.F. (Bureau of Postharvest Research and Extension, Munoz, Nueva Ecija (Philippines))
The country's average potential yield for rice was about 4.8 t/ha. The average losses incurred from post production activities were reported to be 1.8 percent for harvesting, 0.6 percent for piling, 2.0 percent for threshing, 4.1 percent for drying, and 2.4 percent for storage. Drying was the most critical post production operation accounting for 30 percent of the total physical losses in rice, followed by milling at 23.0 percent, storage at 16.0 percent, and piling at 4.0 percent. Losses estimated during the last three decades showed significant reduction (i.e. 10-37 percent in the 70's; 9-23 percent in the 80's; and 4-30 percent in the early 90's). The reduction was believed to have been effected by the continuous R & D [research and development] and consequently, advances in postproduction practices and the availability of technologies (e.g., mechanical harvesters, millers), as well as promotion and commercialization of these technologies. On the average, corn yield was found to be 4.4 t/ha. Total postproduction losses was estimated at 12.7 percent of total production. Average losses incurred amounted to 4.6 percent for drying, 3.1 percent for storage, and 1.0 percent for piling. Very minimal losses were observed from harvesting, shelling, and cleaning the cobs. After the loss assessment field trials, the following were noted: 1) farmers use additional underlays during piling, threshing, and shelling to recover as much grain as possible; 2) farm/domesticated animals were no longer allowed to feed on the threshed straws; and 3) farmers and their families began monitoring the postproduction activities to ensure that everything was done efficiently and conscientiously to minimize losses
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