Nutrition effect on spring barley (Hordeum sativum, L.) yields and quality - conventional and ecological cropping

In stationary field trial spring barley in 1994 and 1998 was grown, both in conventional and ecological manner, in two crop rotations with orientation to study possibilities of nutrition influence on yield and quality. Field rotations (1992-1998): 1. Cereals: winter wheat, (catch crop: California blue bell), sunflower, spring barley, (catch crop: Sudanian sorghum), pea, winter wheat, sunflower, spring barley. 2. Raw crops: winter wheat, sugar beet, spring barley (catch crop: rape, cv. Silvestris), maize, winter wheat, sugar beet, spring barley. Fertilization scheme: Treatment A - fertilization: N, P, K in fertilizers (FYM); Treatment B - non fertilized control; Treatment C - (FYM), manuring with organic matter produced on arable land; Treatment D - manuring with organic matter produced on arable land. Farmyard manure (FYM) was not applied under spring barley and pea (treatments A and C). In these treatments was FYM applied under winter wheat 15 t/ha, sunflower 20 t/ha, sugar beet 40 t/ha, maize 40 t/ha. Our results obtained on Haplic Phaeozem Calcaric confirmed that fertilization and FYM application in conditions of conventional cropping and organic matter application that was produced on arable land (and FYM application in former years) in ecological treatment (C, D) positively influenced yields. N, P, K fertilization can eliminate N-substances synthesis at spring barley. In case on N-substances decrease in grain extraction substances level is increased, whereby the malt parameters are improved. From the view of quality is recommended to grow spring barley in conditions of low total nitrogen level (0.121 - 0.160% N), medium level of available phosphorus (31-50 mg P/kg) and potassium (131-200 mg K/kg) in soil. Fertilization should be an result of soil monitoring, as fertilization is an potential source of higher N-substances cummulation and parallely participate at extract values lowering in spring barley. From this view optimum conditions for plant nutrition were created in the trial with arable land organic matter application (+FYM applied formerly), particularly in raw crop rotation. It is also resulting from yields, N-substances level and extract substances in spring barley