Utilization of citric acid fermentation by-product as energy feed ingredient in pig ration

Evaluation of citric acid fermentation by-product as feed ingredient on performances of growing and finishing pigs was conduct using 48 Large White pigs of 30 kg body weight. The animals were divided into 6 groups of 8 animals each and containing an equal number of castrated males and females. Each group of animals was randomly assigned to an experimental dietary regime as following until 90 kg body weight. Regime 1: A control corn-soybean-fishmeal diet in both growing and finishing periods; Regime 2: A control corn-soybean-fishmeal diet in growing period and diet containing 20 percent of partial treated citric acid fermentation by-product with sodium bicarbonate (PCFB) in finishing period; Regime 3: A control corn-soybean-fishmeal diet in growing period and diet containing 30 percent of PCFB in finishing periods; Regime 4: Diet containing 15 percent and 20 percent of PCFB in growing and finishing periods respectively; Regime 5: Diet containing 25 percent and 30 percent of PCFB in growing and finishing periods respectively; Regime 6: Diet containing 25 percent and 30 percent of citric acid fermentation by-product but treated with 5 percent of sodium bicarbonate in growing and finishing periods respectively. PCFB is the 1:1 mixture of citric acid fermentation by-product and 5 percent sodium bicarbonate treated citric acid fermentation by-product. Every experimental diets were formulated according to ARC (1981) recommendation. The animals were kept individually where feed and water were provided adlibitum. When the animals reached 90 kg body weight, every animals were evaluated for back fat thickness, loin eye area and lean percentage by using Realtime ultrasound machine. The results indicated that increasing the levels of citric acid fermented by-product significantly reduced performance of the animals (p0.05). However, performances and carcass characteristics of pigs on regime 4 were not significantly different from those on regime 1 (control group) (p0.05). Inclusion of sodium bicarbonate significantly improved average dialy gain and lean percentage but not in feed conversion ration of the animals.