Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables
1995
Somsamai Palakool | Siriphan Sukmak | Bandhit Dumrugs (Department of Agriculture, Bangkok (Thailand). Agricultural Toxic Substances Div.)
Monitoring of vegetables and fruits from various sources to determine pesticide residues showed that about 37 percent of 10 types of vegetables (365 samples) were contaminated with organophosphorus insecticide residues. Residue of 20, 12, 7, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 3, and 2 insecticides were found in kale, cabbage, cowpeas, cauliflower, brassica, cucumber, impomoea, baby corn, tomato and mushroom subsequently. Most of the residue levels were within the range of Codex maximum residue level (MRL), About 19.7 percen, 10 percent, 6 percent and 2 percent of analysed samples of kale, cowpea, impomoea and mushroom subsequently having residues exceed Codex MRL. About 73 percent of tangerine samples (70) were contaminated with pesticide residues, which were dimethoate, malathion, monocrotophos and methyl parathion. Monocrotophos was found in about 16 percent of total samples and about 10 percent of samples having residues exceed Codex MRL (0.2 ppm). For grape, 139 samples from 156 samples were found pesticide residues, i.e. captan, dimethoate, methomyl and monocrotophos. Monocrotophos was detected in 75 percent of analysed samples and 26 percent of samples having residue level above Codex MRL. The project also conducted studies on degradation of pesticides in grape and tangerine trees, the result showed that methomyl degraded slowly in grape, residues in fruits harvested at 10 days after application were 5.95-9.01 ppm (Codex MRL 5 ppm). Methyl parathion has a short residual life in grape, (3-5 days), but longer residual life in tangerine fruit 15 days after application, residue in fruit still remained at the level above Codex MRL Monocrotophos had slow degradation in both grape and tangerine. Even harvesting after 14 days for grape and 21 days for tangerine, the residues still exceed Codex MRL.
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