Induced mutation of Kluai Khai (Musa AA Group) through tissue culture by colchicine and oryzalin treatment
1997
Parson Saradhuldhat
Polyploidy of In vitro Kluai Khai plantlets were induced by 0, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 percent colchicine or 0, 15, 30, 45 micro M oryzalin containing 2 percent DMSO for 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 hours. The higher the mutagent dose and longer treatment duration, the less the survival rates. After treated plantlets with colchicine and oryzalin at 0.4-0.75 percent and 13-22 micro M, respectively the survival rate was 50 percent. In VM1, adventitious bud initiation of mutagenic treatment yielded 0.2-1.2 sucker which was lower than those in the controls while VM2 and VM3 were not significantly different from each other. Treated buds were abnormal in chimera and stomata size was larger than those of the controls. The plantlets with stomata over 28 micro m were selected for chromosome count. The controls were diploid (2n = 22) whereas three selected clones were tetraploid (2n = 44) derived from 1 percent colchicine 7.5 hours and 45 micro M oryzalin 2.5 hours. The mutants were subcultured. The number of suckers of mutants was less than those of the controls. MS medium without plant growth regulator was observed to give the best rooting of all treatments. After transfer to greenhouse, the height of the controls and the colchicine-treated plants were significantly different from the oryzalin-treated ones which were shorter with low survival rate. The results obtained in the field were similar to those in the greenhouse. The foliage of all mutants were more drooping, with larger stomata cells, lower in stomata number per area and thicker than those of the controls. The number of leaves and suckers of each mutant was not significantly different from the controls.
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