Rules of the behaviour of soils and their application to the modelisation of the two dams in earth | Les lois de comportement des sols et leur application a la modelisation de deux barrages en terre

This work is inscribed in the frame of the application of the rules of the behaviour of the soils to the moulding of the two dams in earth and is made up of three pans. The first part is a bibliographical study of the behaviour of the compacted clays used as building materials of dams, of different apparatus of measurement in situ used in the dams in order to analyse their behaviours not only during their building but also after the filling and finally of different types of theological modes used in finite elements. The contract constitutes a contribution to the state of theoretical and experimental knowledge, on the behaviour of the materials and opens the way to multiples steps in order to improve these knowledge. The second pan concerns a study of auscultation of the two dams : El Houareb and Lebna equipped with devices permitting to ensure the good manner of the works. The auscultation is oriented to measure the interesting sizes for the future comparisons with the calculation. The third part treats the following steps: the first step presents a general study and the moulding of the mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of the embanking dams. The second step concerns an experimental study obtained on the materials of the dams : El Houareb and Lebna by reliable tests. The tests of mechanic of classical soils performed on the materials constituting the two dams are completed by triaxial tests whose enrollment permitted to determine the parameters of the behaviour rules of soils. The third step aims essentially on one hand to present the models used in the calculation and on the other hand the necessary parameters for the calculation. The identification of the parameters constitues one of the most important and delicate parts in our study. The fourth step is interested in the numerical treatment of the two dams. The study comprises some analysis of displacement and of constraints in the embanking and in the soil of the founding whose characteristics are analogous or different to those of the embanking. The principal object is compare between the results of the measures of auscultation and the predictions completed by the different models of the diverse inspiration. The obtained results are illustrated by numerous graphics.