Metabolites. Toxicity of imidacloprid and its metabolites in Apis mellifera | [Métabolites. Toxicité de l'imidacloprid et de ses métabolites sur Apis mellifera]
2001
Suchail, S. ((Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Avignon (France). Centre d'Avignon, Unité de Zoologie et Apidologie, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale)) | Guez, D. | Belzunces, L.P.
Oral acute and chronic toxicities of imidacloprid and its main metabolites, were investigated in Apis mellifera mellifera workers. For acute toxicity studies, honeybees were treated with doses of toxic compounds ranging from 1 to 1000 ng/bee. LD50 values of imidacloprid were about 70 ng/bee at 48 h and 72 h and, about 50 ng/bee at 96 h. Only two imidacloprid metabolites exhibited a toxicity close to that of imidacloprid: 5-hydroxyimidacloprid was less toxic than imidacloprid whereas olefin was more toxic. For chronic toxicity, honeybees were fed during 10 days with sucrose solutions containing 0.1, 1 and 10 microg/l of imidacloprid. The chronic oral tests showed that imidacloprid and its all studied metabolites were toxic to bee workers in a medium term period
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