Challenges and strategies in rice crop establishment for higher productivity in flood-prone environments
2001
Singh, V.P. (International Rice Research Inst., Los Banos, Laguna (Philippines)) Hong, N.V. | Dhanapala, M.P. | Sharma, A.R.
This paper reviews efforts to improve the productivity of rice through appropriate methods of crop establishments in flood-prone environments. The two major methods of crop establishment used in these environments are direct seeding and transplanting. Several variants within each method have been evolved through years of formal research and farmers experience. They are highly dependent on the rainfall pattern, the internal and surface drainage characteristics of the land and to some degree on the socioeconomic conditions of farmers. Two types of direct seeding are: dry or wet seeding - the former being adopted extensively by farmers. For transplanting, the use of conventional seedbed - propagated seedlings is more common. The clonal tillers or dapog-raised seedlings are used in specific situations. Among the factors affecting crop establishment, timely seeding and transplanting are crucial. Adjusting seed rate and dibbling of the seeds in direct seeding, and use of healthy seedlings produced lower seeding densities in the nursery, nursery fertilization with N, hardening and conditioning of seedlings and their proper handling before transplanting contribute to successful crop establishment and eventually to the improved productivity
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