Evaluation of Ravi river water quality [Pakistan]
2000
Ahmed, K. (University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (Pakistan). Inst. of Environmental Engineering and Research) | Ali, W.
Investigation from 1989 to 1998 on river Ravi pollution was carried out to study the effects of wastewater discharges on its water quality in relation to its various water rise. The sources of pollution entering the river between Syphon (20 Km upstream) and Balloki Headworks (75 Km downstream) includes U.C canal which bring industrial effluents through Deg Nullah, Hudiara Nullah which carry with it all the pollution of Sattukatla drain. and the untreated municipal sewage from the city of Lahore. Investigation revealed that the flow in the river are highly variable with time during the year U.C. canal with a capacity of 220 m3/S at the tail and Q.B. Link canal with a capacity of 410 m3/S are mainly responsible for higher flows during dry season. A decreasing trend has been observed in the D.O. Levels indicating increasing pollution. Over times D.O. values are above 4 mg/l indicating recovery due to dilution biodegradation and aeration. An increasing trend has been observed in BOD, suspended solids, total dissolved solids and indicator organisms. Even with the discharges of pollutions from U.C. canal. Hudiara Nullah and city sewage. BOD at Balloki was unexpectedly low. It was investigated that because of pollution free Q.B. Link canal which joins the river just before Balloki Headworks makes the water diluted, which accounted for low BOD. Water of river Ravi meet the chemical water quality requirement for irrigation. However the water quality does not meet the coliform and faecal coliform criteria for most water use: U.C.=Upper Chenab Canal, Q.B.=Qadiarabad Link Canal, D.O.=Dissolved Oxygen, BOD=Biochemical Oxygen Demand, TDS=Total Dissolved Solids.
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