Acute toxicities of insecticides with single and two groups of active ingredients and molluscicides on golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata Lam.
2002
Cagauan, A.G. | Ferrer, E.C. | Muangman, W. (Central Luzon State Univ., Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija (Philippines). Coll. of Fisheries)
Two groups of insecticides were tested as follows: one active ingredient- BPMC, monocrotophos, endosulfan and cypermethrin; and two active ingredient- BPMC + chlorpyrifos, monocrotophos + chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin. BPMC is a carbamate; monocrotophos, an organophosphate; endosulfan, an organochlorine; and cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid. The molluscicides used were niclosamide, metaldehyde and tannin-glycosides. Golden apple snails (2.3-3.1 g) (10 snails per container) were subjected to standard static bioassay test using glass aquaria as test containers. Each test concentration was replicated three times. Mortalities of GAS (golden apple snail) were observed at 24, 28 and 96 hours. Median lethal concentration (LC50) was determined using straight-line interpolation. Ranking of toxicity was based on 96-hr LC50 of the formulated product as follows: extremely toxic equal less mg/l; highly toxic=1-10 mg/l;moderately toxic=10-100 mg/l; and low toxic equal greater 100mg/l. The acute toxicity expressed as 96-hr LC50 of the formulated product showed that insecticides with one group of active ingredient were more toxic to GAS when mixed with another group of active ingredient. Insecticides with one group of active ingredient such as BPMC, monocrotophos and cypermethrin were moderately toxic (10-100 mg/l) except endosulfan which was extremely toxic ( mg/l). Mixed insecticides BPMC + chlorpyrifos, monocrotophos + cypermethrin, and chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin were highly toxic (1-10 mg/l) to GAS. Among the molluscicides tested, metaldehyde was extremely toxic (0.84 mg/l), followed by niclosamide (1.3 mg/l) which was highly toxic, and tannin-glucosides (44 mg/L) as moderately toxic. The extremely toxic effect of metaldehyde to GAS was similar with that of endosulfan. None of the insecticides and molluscicides tested showed low toxicity to GAS
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