Insect pest and natural enemies associated with the green manure, Indigofera tinctoria L. in rice-based cropping systems of Ilocos Norte [Philippines]
2002
Marcos, T.F. | Culannay, D.R. | Baga, M.C.P. | Valdez, J.R.U. | Agustin, E.O. (Mariano Marcos State Univ., Batac, Ilocos Norte (Philippines))
There were 12 taxa of insect pests associated with the indigo plant from seedling to maturity stages, 5 (seedling), 6 (vegetative), 7 (flowering), and 6 (maturity). Insects belonging to families Coreidae and Chrysomelidae were present from seedling to maturity while Empoasca sp. from vegetative to maturity stage. Other taxa were only found during a particular stage of the crop. Among the insect pests, Chrysomelids and Cletus sp. had the highest population (seedling) followed by aphid (vegetative stage). Other insect pests had very low population. Twenty eight natural enemy taxa were observed from seedling to maturity stage: 11 (seedling), 9 (vegetative), 10 (flowering) and 11 (maturity) stage. The coccinellids were present throughout the stages while Araneids, Ophionea nigrofasciata and Oxyopes sp., from vegetative to maturity stage. Other taxa were only found during a particular stage of the plant. Among the natural enemies, Coccinellids were the most abundant followed by Oxyopes sp. and O. nigrofasciata. Eight crops that are grown in various cropping sequences of Ilocos Norte are also host of the insect pests of indigo. Among the 12 taxa observed, 10 were encountered in rice, 7 in mungbean, 5 in tobacco, 4 in bell pepper, 3 each in corn, garlic and cowpea, and one in tomato. For natural enemies, 25 were harbored by crops; 24 in rice; 15 in mungbean, 13 in garlic, 10 in corn, 5 each in onion and bell pepper and one each in cowpea, tobacco and tomato. The high diversity of host plants of insect pests and habitats of natural enemies associated with indigo show that it is comparable as green manure with rice-based cropping systems of Ilocos Norte
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