Effect of temperature on the longevity and infectivity of Trichobilharzia stagnicolae mirracidia in Stagnicola emarginata
2002
Murray, J.A. (Hope Coll., Holland, Michigan 49423 (USA). Biology Dept.)
Snail-borne diseases affect millions of people in the world. Each summer, in the United States, non-human schistosomes are responsible for thousands of cases of schistosome cercarial dermatitis, more commonly known as swimmer's itch. A high proportion of these cases occur in the northern tier of states. This present study involves Stagnicola emarginata, the snail intermediate host for Trichobilharzia stagnicolae and a major contributor to the swimmer's itch problem on Michigan lakes. Stagnicola emarginata were exposed at 22 and 16 deg C had the highest prevalence of infection (32 and 25 % respectively), while those at 4 deg C, had a 6% infection rate; those of 10, 28, and 34 deg C yielded no infections. Few snails were infected at the extreme temperatures; however, miracidia hatchability and longevity were the greatest at those temperatures. Significantly, more miracidia hatched at 22, 28, and 34 deg C, than at 4 and 10 deg C (P greater than 0.05), while Trichobilharzia sp. miracidia lived 128 hours at 4 deg C as compared to 16 hours at 34 deg C. Based on these data, although miracidia can hatch and survive at extreme temperatures, snails are not as likely to become infected. Data from the present study are important in helping to determine why swimmer's itch is seasonal
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