Effects of genotype, season and nutrition on sunflower yield and hollow seededness in Gezira (Sudan)
2003
Mohamed, M.Y. | Elzein, I.N. (Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani (Sudan) | Ibrahim, A.S (University of Gezira, Wad Medani (Sudan). Faculty of Agricultural Sciences)
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of genotype, season and nutrition on sunflower seed yield and hollow seededness in Gezira. Five sunflower cultivars (Damazin-1, Hungarian-A, Rodio, Hysun-25 and Hysun-33), two nitrogen levels (0 and 129 kgN/ha) and two levels of phosphorus (0 and 129 kg P205/ha) were used over two seasons (autumn and winter 2000) in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Data on 14 characters were collected. The results showed that the percentage of empty seeds. self-compatibility, 1000-seed weight and seed yield were significantly affected by genotype and its interaction with season. The means of these characters were relatively higher in winter than in autumn season except for the empty seeds. The application of high doses of fertilizer had no significant effect on the percentage of empty seeds, and consequently the phenomenon of empty seeds could be attributed mainly to genetical and seasonal effects. The genotypes mean seed yields ranged form 1127 to 1899 kg/ha, with Hysun-33 giving the highest yield. Simple and genotypic correlation analyses emphasized that seed yield was significantly and positively correlated with days to flowering, harvest index, head diameter, seed number/head, self-compatibility, number of filled seeds/head and percent seed set. Both analyses showed negative correlation coefficients between seed yield and empty seeds. The percentage of empty seeds was positively and significantly correlated with plant height and number of heads/plant. The path analysis indicated that head diameter, percentage of seed set, days to flowering and seed weight were the most important raits related to seed yeild, where as percentage of seed set, harvest index, and days to maturity were the most important traits contributing to high degree of self-compatibility in sunflower
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