Bringing improved white corn varieties to marginal upland corn farmers
2003
Guzman, P.S. (Philippines Univ. Los Banos, College, Laguna (Philippines). Dept. of Agronomy) Alejandro, F.R.
There are =1.12 million ha of marginal uplands planted to native corn in the Philippines. To provide better corn genetics for farmers in these areas, a study was conducted to determine the stability for yield of white corn varieties in marginal uplands, to select genotypes with exceptional yield performance and to distribute selected varieties to resource poor farmers in the Philippines. Eighteen varieties were evaluated in a 6x3 alpha (0.1) lattice design with four replications at seven marginal uplands during the 1999 wet and 1999-2000 dry seasons. The Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model was used to analyze the genotype x environment interaction, which was found to be significant in the combined ANOVA. AMMI analysis showed variability in both main effects and interaction. AG5355, a commercial hybrid, had the highest mean yield among the entries but its principal component (PC) score suggested that it is adapted to specific environments. USM Var 10 exhibited the highest yield among the OPVs [open pollinated varieties] and revealed a PC score near zero suggesting broad adaptability. The native varieties showed below average performance and limited adaptability. The yield of the native corn varieties was 31% less than the improved varieties. Seeds of USM Var 10, which was derived from CIMMYT Pop 20, was distributed to =2000 marginal upland corn farmers. A seed production and distribution system were designed which should make OPVs readily available to resource poor farmers in the Philippines
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