Developing a decentralized user fee system for sustainable conservation financing of Bunaken National Marine Park [North Sulawesi, Indonesia]
2003
Erdmann, M.V. | Merrill, P.R. | Arsyad, I. (Natural Resources Management Program (Indonesia))
This case study provides a detailed analysis of the process and lessons learned in developing a decentralized user fee system for Bunaken National Marine Park in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Since 2000, USAID's [United States Agency for International Development] Natural Resources Management Program has been assisting the multistakeholder Bunaken National Park Management Advisory Board in developing a model; entrance fee system under special "pilot project" status granted by Indonesian national government. Based on the highly successful Bonaire Marine park entrance fee system, the Bunaken system successfully raised nearly US$42,000 on its first year of operation in 2001. With the strong support of the local tourism sector, the fee for international tourists was doubled in 2002, raising approximately US$110,000 from over 8,000 international and 17,000 Indonesian visitors. Revenues from the fee system now fund a park-wide joint patrol system (involving rangers, police, and villagers), environmental education programs, and village-level conservation and development programs. The case study purposely provides detailed information on sales and control systems as well as a number of technical aspects of the entrance fee system. This also intends to provide highly useful information for marine protected area (MPA) managers considering development of their own entrance fee system
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