Electrokinetic removal of soil contaminants: the case of atrazine [Portugal]
2002
Ribeiro, A.B. | Gomes, H. | Mateus, E.P. | Reffega, A.G.
The electrokinetic process, as well as the electrodialytic process, is a promising remediation technique for the removal of contaminants, both in-situ and on-site, from soils, sludges, treated wood wastes, ashes and sediments. These techniques use the action of an electric field as the "cleaning agent", transporting the pollutants out of the matrix towards one of the electrode compartments/electrolytes, from where they can be removed. Since it appeared in the market in 1959, atrazine has been one of the worldwide most used herbicide, especially for controlling corn weeds. Atrazine widespread use, in conjunction with sometime excessive applications and its characteristics of mobility and persistence in the environment, raises concern about soil, surface and ground water contamination. This study, proceeded with an academic goal, aimed to analyse atrazine behaviour in soils when submitted to an electric field, as well as to eveluate the applicability of the electrokinetic process for atrazine removal. Two polluted soils were used, respectively with and without atrazine residues, being this last one spiked. Four electrokinetic experiments were carried out at a laboratory scale. Results of atrazine residues were obtained mainly with ELISA ("enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay") and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) technique for confirmation. The results show that the electrokinetic process is able to remove efficiently the atrazine in soil solution, mainly towards the anode compartment, being estimated that 30 to 50% of its initial amount is removed from the soil within the first 24 hours
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