An overview of temperate rice production, technology, and development in New South Wales, Australia
2002
Clampett, W.S. | Lewin, L.G. | Williams, R.L. | Batten, G. | Beecher, H.G. | Lacy, J.M. | Fitzgerald, M. | Stevens, M.
Rice growing in New South Wales, Australia, is a highly productive, efficient, and innovative industry, producing 1.3 million t from around 150,000 ha.Yields of 8 to 12 t ha¯¹, depending on variety, management, and seasonal conditions, are among the highest in the world. The temperate environment provides both opportunities and limitations for rice establishment, growth, yield, and grain quality. Management technology and practices to maximize yield and minimize limitations are seen as a basic building block for current and future success. Rice growing, a major user of irrigation water, is being continually challenged to improve its efficiency of water use and to minimize groundwater pollution. The conventional water-use limit and soil classification techniques are being complemented by electromagnetic assessment to identify and isolate preferential recharge areas. Variety improvement continues to play a major role in improving productivity, making more efficient use of resources, particularly water, and improving grain quality and developing niche markets. Seedling vigor, reproductive cold tolerance, duration of growing period, yield potential, and grain quality are important objectives of the Australian breeding flooding. Nitrogen continues to be the major nutrient applied, mainly before sowing. Topdressing at panicle initiation remains a widely used pracrice to fulfill nitrogen needs. The near-infrared rice tissue test now uses N content (%) and fresh weight to calculate N uptake at panicle initiation as the basis for topdressing recommendations. The software program maNage rice provides top opportunity to assess risks and the potential for extra yield compared with extra costs of topdressing. Near-infrared soil analysis shows promise as a preflood soil-testing tool. More intensive rice rotations and increased yields are resulting in increased phosphorus and, to a lesser extent, zinc fertilizer use.
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