The influence of nitrogen fertilizers and Juventus fungicide on the development of winter triticale 'Tewo' and occurrence of septoria glume blotch and brown rust
2005
Lisova, R. (Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Traku Voke, Vilnius distr. (Lithuania). Voke Branch), E-mail: [email protected] | Greimas, K. (Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Traku Voke, Vilnius distr. (Lithuania). Voke Branch)
Field studies were carried out during 2000-2002, 2004 at the Voke Branch of the Lithuanian Institute of Agricultural on sandy loam on carbonaceus fluvial-glacial gravel elu-viated soil (Idp), Haplic Luvisol (LVh). The distribution of fungal diseases in winter triticale strongly depends on meteorological conditions, nitrogen fertilizers and fungicide application. It was found that in all experimental years winter triticale leaves were affected by septoria (Septoria tritici Rob. in Desm., Septoria spp.) and brown rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm., sin. P. triticina Errikss.). 2004 was the year most favourable for septoria spread and development and 2001 for brown rust. In all experimental years, nitrogen fertilizers, compared with check treatment, stimulated the occurrence of septoria and brown rust. Application of nitrogen fertilizers (N90 and N120 at the beginning of vegetation) in one dressing made a higher influence on the development of septoria than split application. This disease severity increased from 7.09-7.24% to 8.90 and 8.75%. Brown rust was most spread in the plots fertilized once (N120 at the beginning of vegetation) and twice (N60+30 at the beginning of vegetation + DC 30-32) with nitrogen fertilizers. The severity of this disease increased from 1.72-2.02 to 4.95 and 4.25%, respectively. The Juventus fungicide (1.0 1 ha-1) at the heading stage (DC 51-59) reliably protected winter triticale leaves against septoria (51.1-59.8%) and brown rust (65.1-67.4%) compared with the check treatment. Nitrogen fertilizers, statistically reliably increased winter triticale grain yield (57.9-85.9%), stem height (6.7-8.4%), ear length (14.7-25.0%), number of grains per ear (13.7-19.0%), ear productivity (8.3-14.6%) and 1000 grain mass (2.0-6.0%)
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