Progress on Malesian bamboos
2004
Widjaja, E.A.(Research Centrefor Biology - LIPIl, Bogor (Indonesia). Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Div.)E-mail:[email protected] | Dransfield, S.
Bamboos, commonly known as woody bamboos, belong to the Poaceae, and form the tribe Bambuseae of the subfamily Bambusoideae. There are an estimated 1200 or so species of bamboo belonging to about 90 genera in the world. Currently there are about 264 species recognized in Malesia, native or introduced, belonging to about 34 genera. At least 34 species and about four genera are unidentified. The majority of the genera are included in the subtribe Bambusinae (the largest subtribe), two genera are in subtribe Melocanninae, one is in subtribe Racemobambosinae one is in subtribe Nastinae, and one genus (Temburongia) is of uncertain placement. Eleven genera with about 156 species are only found in Malesia. In Malesia and in South-East Asia in general bamboos can be found in a wide range of habitats. Nevertheless, many native bamboos in the region have limited or restricted distributions and are often endemic to relatively small area, where they are vulnerable and are even threatened with extinction before they are fully documented. Temburongia is found only along Temburong River in Brunei, six of seven species of Crytochloa are endemic in Luzon, the Philippines. The generic relationships and delimitation of most malesian bamboos have not been properly investigated. In the recent work on the phylogeny of one-flowered bamboo genera included in subtribe Chusqueinae of the New World and subtribe Nastinae of the Old World, it shows that Nastus species from New Guinea do not come together with other members of subtribe Nastinae, of which the majority are endemic in Madagascar. Critical revision of Malesian genera are badly needed in order to establish the relationships of the genera and the subtribes.
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