[Soil contamination by petroleum product in Belarus]
2005
Khomich, V.S.(The National Academy of Sciences, Minsk (Belarus). Institute for Problems of Natural Resources Use and Ecology)
Wide spread and high values of soil contamination by petroleum products in Belarus were revealed as a result of geochemical and landscape studies, which were carried out near the sources of contamination in Belarus. The content of petroleum products has considerable variability from background ( 5 mg/kg) to terrific values ( 100 000 mg/kg), such values are typical for point leakages. Thus the contents above 5 000 mg/kg were found near petroleum production, filling (service) stations, petroleum storage depots and lubricating/fuel material storages, domestic waste storages and industrial waste storages, former military bases, motor roads (highways) and others. The spatial pattern of contamination is not uniform and depends on the source of contamination, functionality of the territory and the landscape conditions. Small content of petroleum product is typical for municipal warehouse and transport zones. The landscape conditions influence special distribution of the petroleum products, which accumulate in the bottom of sallow gullies and ravines, closed valleys and flood-plains of the rivers. The following scale of soil contamination by petroleum products that is based on geochemical studies and data from literature can be used: 1. 5 mg/kg - natural background; 2.5...50 mg/kg - regional background; 3.50...250 mg/kg - weakly contaminated; 4. 250... 1000 mg/kg - moderate contaminated; 5.1000...5000 mg/kg - strongly contaminated; 6. 5000 mg/kg - terrifically contaminated. The first level is natural background, it can be found on considerable distance from cities and highways. The second level is formed under the influence of regional contamination, It is typical for the major part of the territory of Belarus and corresponds to cities and old-arable lands. The third level is more particularly met in cities, the fourth on waysides, peripheries of soil and geochemical anomalies caused by local sources of contamination. The last places are associated with the fifth and sixth levels of contamination
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