Influence of sowing date and nitrogen supply level on small grains during 2000-2004
2005
Pankovic, L. | Malesevic, M.(Naucni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad (Serbia and Montenegro))
The objective of this paper was to attempt to shed some more light on why the genetic potential for yield of the new wheat and barley cultivars has been underutilized. A good growing technology consists first and foremost in taking proper care of the main elements of growing, such as sowing date, seeding rate, balanced use of NPK nutrients, and so on. Once these aspects of growing have been handled correctly, other, more subtle crop tending measures can be applied in the course of the growing season. Sowing date is a highly important element of growing that cannot be compensated for later in the season. During our study period, 2001 was cold and rainy, 2004 was also rainy but warmer, while 2000, 2002 and 2003 were dry and unfavourable for small grains production in view of the five-year and long-term averages. Looking at the date processed so far and small grains yields obtained, the acreage in winter wheat during the upcoming period should ideally range between 650,000 and 700,000 ha and over 100,000 ha should be shown to barley, provided that at least 70% of the area planned are sown on optimal dates. Soil fertility control and use of the N-min method in top dressing is the only way to correctly utilize mineral nutrients and obtain high and stable yields and good grain quality. A return to varietal cultural practice with fully taking into account the specificity of each genotype and the use of full mineral nutrient rates and optimal sowing dates should put the small grains production on the road to recovery. If the financial and sociopolitical environment is improved with respect to growers, a high and stable production with good quality indicators can be expected.
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