Sunflower water requirement and irrigation effect in agroecological conditions of the Vojvodina Province [Serbia (Serbia and Montenegro)]
2005
Dragovic, S.(Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia and Montenegro)) | Maksimovic, L. | Radojevic, V. | Cicmil, M. | Radojevic, V.
The soil and climatic conditions of the Vojvodina Province, Serbia (Serbia and Montenegro) are favourable for sunflower growing both with and without irrigation. With exception of extremely dry years, high yields of sunflower can be obtained. Because of that, sunflower is not considered an irrigation crop, although irrigation practice significantly increases sunflower yield in dry years. Because it efficiently uses soil water up to the depth of 2 m, sunflower is more tolerant to drought than most field and vegetable crops, i.e., it suffers comparatively smaller yield losses than the other crops when grown in dry conditions. The development of sunflower hybrids resistant to fungal diseases has created favourable conditions for sunflower growing in irrigation, especially seed production. In addition, the irrigation practice brings significant yield increases, especially in years with limited or poorly distributed rainfall. On average for the 15-year study on the chernozem soil, the sunflower requirement for water was 511 mm in irrigation and 448 mm without irrigation, with the respective annual variations from 465 to 562 mm and from 392 to 495 mm. The average yield in irrigation across all study years was 3.54 t/ha, the actual yields ranging from 2.01 to 4.95 t/ha. The respective values in the part of the trial without irrigation were 3.09, 2.01 and 4.08 t/ha.
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