Application of tissue culture technique for production and micropropagation in pepper (Capsicum frutescence L.)

Effect of plant growth regulators (auxin and cytokinin) on callus initiation and callus growth from leaf, petiole and internode of pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containg 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/l of alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and in a combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) at 0, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/l was studied. the results showed that cultured explants formed callus on media supplemented with every concentration of NAA or 2,4-D. Petiole had the highest percentage of callus initiation was 94.44 percent on media supplemented 0.5 mg/l of NAA or 1.0 mg/l of 2,4-D. Explants induced a largest callus on media supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of 2,4-D. NAA promoted a formation of compact callus while 2,4-D promoted a formation of friable callus. When they were used in a combination with cytokinin. The highest percentages of callus initiation were 100 percent and 96.67 percent from leaf and internode, respectively, cultured on the media supplemented with 1.0 mg/l of 2,4-D combined with 1.0 mg/l of BAP. They were 96.67 percent and 96.30 percent from petiole cultured on the media supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of 2,4-D singly and in combination with 1.0 mg/l of BAP, respectively. Explants produced the largest callus on the media supplemented with 0.5-3.0 mg/l of 2,4-D combined with 1.0 mg/l of kinetin. For multiple shoot induction study, shoot tip, node and seed of C. frutescens L. and C. annuum L. were cultured on MS media supplemted with BAP or kinetin at 0, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/l. Explants but not seed of C. frutescens L. produced multiple shoot on MS dedia supplemented with BAP 5.0 and 10.0 mg/l. The highest number of shoots was 3.7 obtained from seed of C. annuum L. cultured on the media supplemented with 10.0 mg/l of BAP. Kinetin had no effect on inducing multiple shoot in C. frutescens L. but node of C. annuum L. could form multiple shoot when supplied with 5.0 and 10.0 mg/l of kinetin.