Diapause completion in the almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), following early low temperature treatment
2006
Margaritopoulos, J.T. | Tzanakakis, M.E.
Fruit of two Prunus amygdalus cultivars, Retsou and Truoito, containing diapausing larvae of Eurytoma amygdali were collected in early August from coastal areas in northern Greece. Some larvae were removed from the fruit and maintained singly in open plastic vials, others were left in the fruit until the end of the low temperature period. They were kept at 10 deg C from the beginning, or at 20 deg C after 8 weeks. The larvae were subsequently maintained at 20 deg C. When the larvae in vials were kept initially for 8 weeks at 20 deg C, most of those from Retsou and all of those from Truoito almonds completed the first stage of diapause. Most of the larvae kept in Truoito fruits but less than 50% of those kept in Retsou almonds completed the first stage of diapause after 8 weeks at 20 deg C. Larvae from different orchards and different almond cultivars differed in diapause intensity. When the larvae were kept at 10 deg C from the beginning for 4, 8 or 16 weeks and then at 20 deg C, they completed the second diapause stage synchronously, but the time of completion was delayed, and depended on the duration of the low temperature treatment. In several cases the time to diapause completion was bimodally distributed and the relative size of peak depended on the duration of the early exposure to the low temperature.
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