The changes of macromycetes spectrum in polluted beech forest

Inglés. The changes of immision pressure leads to various reactions in landscape and forest ecosystem. The immision are taken as a one of the main reasons of macromycetes decline. At present the main attention is paid to role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in damaged forest stands. The field and laboratory experiments are oriented to observation of impact of various pollution to mycoflora. An occurence of the mycorrhizal, saprophytic and parasitic fungi was observed during seven years period in polluted beech stand nearby important emission source - the aluminium produced enterprise ZSNP in Ziar nad Hronom. Altogether 37 species of mycorrhizal fungi, 72 species of saprophytic and 4 parasitic species of fungi were recorded during a period of observation. An important result of this work is a possibility to use the macromycetes for bioindication of various polluted beech forest stands: - The share of mycorrhizal species significantly decreased and the share of saprophyte ones significantly increased in beech stand under pollution pressure; - The mycorrhizal species of genus Cortinarius, Cantharellus, Hydnum, Ramaria and Tricholoma are practically missing in this stand; - At the same time the number of saprophytic species of genus Clitocybe, Collybia, Coprinus and Lepista increased.

Eslovaco. Zmeny imisneho zatazenia krajiny vyvolavaju rozne reakcie aj v lesnom ekosysteme. Sledovanie vyvoja druhoveho zlozenia mykoflory lesneho porastu moze byt jednou z moznych ciest hodnotenia vyvoja imisneho zatazenia a nasledne zdravotneho stavu lesnych porastov. Pritomnost ektomykoriznych, saprofytickych a parazitickych hub je prirodzenou sucastou existencie lesa, pricom podiel poctu druhov hub v jednotlivych skupinach zavisi od stavu lesa a rastovych podmienok. Predkladane vysledky vyskumu dokumentuju zmeny v druhovom zlozeni mykoflory bukoveho porastu v bezprostrednej blizkosti vyznamneho emisneho zdroja û Zavodu SNP v Ziari nad Hronom. Prehlad zaznamenanych druhov hub, v suvislosti s aktualnym stavom imisnej zataze, dokazuje opodstatnenost takehoto vyskumu smerujuceho k hladaniu druhov ektomykoriznych hub schopnych vytvarat aktivnu symbiozu v porastoch vystavenych imisnemu tlaku.